
J Jar sV W 




% \l DICAI DlRI v- I i >R v "\/*lOD IRI \i t'-i i>i : 

Pre '.nation 



COLUMBUS 



Association of Military Surgeons 



OF THE UNITED STATES 



,\ S< MJVENIR Or THE SEVENTH ANN! Al 

MEETING. HELD .A I COLUMBUS. 

MAY 25-27. 1897. 



PREPARED 

SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS. 




COLUMBUS. OHIO 

Medical Publishing Co. 
1897. 



ORIGINAL ARTICLES. 

THE ASSOCIATION OF MILITARY SURGEONS OF 

THE UNITED STATES ITS CHARACTER. ITS 

PERSONNEL. ITS OFFICERS AND 

ITS PURPOSES. 



E surgeon has ever been 
the ci »mrade < >i the si ildier. 
War was the primitive o »n- 
dition of man. and militan 
surg< ry \\ as c< (existent with 
war. The prehisti »ric sur 
geons were uncouth medi- 
cine men, hut the prehis- 
toric soldiers were barbar- 
ous savages. I lie capacity 
of the surgeon developed 
with the efficienc) of the 
soldier. The farther the art 
i >t war diverged fn »m per 
sonal assault, the more ef- 
fective became the \\ i >rk i il 
the militarj surgei »n. 
The surgeon of earl) days, however, modesth gave wa> to 
his combatant companion and mam centuries elapsed before the 
healing art took it- proper place in war. The early military sur- 
geons were the private medical advisers oi greal nobles to whose 
suites they primarily ministered, treating the soldiers in general 
onlj secondarily. As the cycles rolled b) the garb of barbarism 
began to slip from the shoulders of civilization, the dawn ol the 
christian era introduced Humanit) into the sentiments ol man and, 
in time, the healer began to approach in importance the destroyer 
the reliever of pain began to equal in human estimate him 
whose life was devoted to its production. Even in enlightened 
England it was reserved for the close of the Victorian era, the 
golden age of Anglo Saxon history, to wipe awa\ the last stain oi 




• 



Ork'iIXai Articles. 



barbarism l>\ the creation of the first surgical peer. In the eleva- 
tion of Sir Joseph Lister to the British peerage under the title of 
Lord Lister, on the firsl of January, [897, a monarch for the first 
time in the histor) of the world accorded to professional eminence 
the highesl recognition "i~ which a sovereign is capable. 

Were hist >ry i' » be rewritten and the true pr< >gress and devel< ip- 
ment of civilization to take its proper plan- in the foreground, 
where battles ami other sanguinan contests have hitherto held 
undisputed -way. it would be learned that the art of assisting the 
healing of wounds and contributing to the relief of pain has made 
stead) and irresistable progress from the beginning. The war- 
and other military encounters, with their might) sacrifices of sor 
row and suffering at the altars of self aggrandizement, were util- 
ized b) the earnest men who sought the g 1 of mankind as vast 

sch< " >1> in which were planned the f< tundatii m- 1 >f the presenl mag- 
nificent structure "i Surgery. In this \\a\ the misfortunes of the 
fathers conduced to the comfort of the sons. In the real histor) 
oi the world the names ol Hieronymus Brunschweig, fohn de 
Vigo, Henri de Mondeville, Hans von Gersdorff, Pierre Dionis, 
John Platner, Dominique Larre} and main other military sur- 
geons ol varying prominence and ability will tower n|> in merited 
splendor b\ the side of the great commanders <>! the ]>a-t whose 
names have been perpetuated by the flattering memoirs of a host 
• if literan dependants. 

\- warfare advanced from an agglomeration of individual 
combats t" the systematic manipulation of organized bodies, mili- 
tan surgen developed from the independently applied attentions 
of individual practitioners t" the concerted action of a surgical 
corps Recognizing strength in organization and mutual sup 
port, the surgeons <<i various armies of the world finall) secured 

pation into organizations directed and supplied b) their own 
In our own country, beginning with the individual ef 
forts "I a few patriotic practitioners, considerable progress was 
made in tin- direction in the Continental Vrmy, but at the clos 
the Revolution, the promising young medical department was 
mustered "in ol tin- service together with the greater part of the 
combatants. It was not nmil [802 that tin medical department 
of tin 1 nit..' \ r 1 1 1 \ was finall) instituted, and it was not 

until 1SS5 that, b) the addition of .1 corps of trained hospital at- 
tendants ■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ d 




SI U'< .1.' >\-i,| \||; \|. NICM< 'I . VS SI \N. 
■ Oder of the Associat 



Original Ari 

The medical department in most of the State forces is -till in 
.ui unorganized condition, the oM regimental relation usualh per- 
sisting. But, while these forces in times of peace are independ- 
ent bodies operating under the titles of National Guard or Militia 
along lines uncontrolled 1>> the general government, in times of 
war they would be drawn into the national service and subj< 
to the rules and regulations of the War Department. Recogniz- 
ing the necessity then i"'>r uniformity of conduct and qualifications 
as a preparation for war service, Surgeon < reneral Nicholas Senn. 
then of Milwaukee, now of Chicago, with his accustomed sagacity, 
evolved the idea of organizing the surgeons of the State forces 
into an association for mutual improvement and growth, being 
to quote his own words — "too modest at the beginning even to 

for a union of the National Guard surgeons with thos 
the Regular Arm) and Navy." In pursuance of this idea, I 
eral Senn invited t< > dine with him in t !hicagi i i -n the i 7th 1 if Sep- 
tember, 1891, int\ surgeons of the National Guard, representing 
fourteen Mate-. I 1 u gathering resulted in the organization of 
the Association of Militan Surgeons of the National Guard of 
the Inited States, under which name it was known for the ensu 
ing three years. The Father of the Association was appropriatel) 
elected to the Presidenc) and the city of St. Louis was designated 
as the place for the - cond meeting. 

I'hc second meeting was characterized 1>\ pronounced pro 

mal and social successes. The Governor of the State, the 
Mayor of the city and the President of the Mate Medical Societ) 
led in a welcome which was mosl cordialh sustained 1>\ the citi- 
zens and the medical profession. The third meeting was held in 
Chicago in connection with the World's Fair, and was especially 
notable for a symposium upon gunshot wounds, -hand in l>\ 
11s of prominence, and for an amendment to the ' on 
stitution dropping the word-, "of the National Guard" from the 
name and providing for membership from the medical dej 
ments of the \nn\ and Nav) and the Marine Hospital Sei 

ral Senn, who had hern President of the Association from 
the beginning, was re elected in order that he might presidi 
the meeting of the enlarged and extended association at \\ 
ingt< ai in the spring ol 1894 

medical ol the national services ven cordialh 

>nded to the imitation ol the surgeons of the Mate forces and 



Tin Association of Military Surgeons. 

joined the association in large numbers. The Washington meet- 
ing was remarkable for the extent and variety of the literan work 
done. The meeting was opened 1>\ the President oi the I nited 
States, the Surgeon General of the Army was elected to the I 
dene) and the next meeting was appointed in Buffalo. \ T ever 
was the generous hospitalit) of the Buflfalonians more lavishly 




SURGEON-GENERAL GCORGI *\. STERNBERG. 

Ex-Prasident of the Association. 

displayed than in connection with the meeting of the association 
there. The press, the public and the individual combined to pro- 
vide an entertainment as charming as it was abundant. A promi 
inin feature of the meeting was the presentation of a superb piece 
oi plate to ( leneral Senn in recognition ol lii^ services in founding 
the association. Here tin.- loval and unanimous devotion of tin- 






< (rigi nai. Articles. 



medical officers of Pennsylvania u;i- acknowledged b\ the elec- 
tion t-> the Presidency of their Surgeon General, Colonel Louis 
\\ Read, a veteran <>f three wars "ii both sides of the globe, and 
1>\ the selection of Philadelphia as the location of the sixth annual 
assemblage of the association. At this meeting, a large amount 
of important scientific work was done in the intervals between 
the splendid courtesy extended t<> the members by the Citj of 
Brotherl) Love and the State <>t' Pennsylvania. The most ini 
portant action <>i this meeting was the selection of Columbus as 
the location of the seventh annual gathering of the association. 
The Presidency was this year given to the \av\ in the person >>i 
the most distinguished member of its medical corps Medical 
Director (Commodore) Albert Lear} Gihon. 

The progressive and expansive character of the scientific 
growth of the association is evident from the continuously in- 
creasing series of animal volumes of proceedings, as shown in the 
fi '11< >w i 1 1 <*• table : 



VOLUME 


PAGES 


PA PERS 


Ml- MBERS 


1 


31 


2 


62 


-> 


180 


10 


109 


3 


264 


17 


183 


4 


712 


37 


274 


5 


530 


36 


342 

1 



\rti\it\ in professional work is shown not onl) 1>\ the large 
number of papers presented at the various meetings but b\ the 
character "i them. Many of the contributions were <<i the most 
elaborate description, embodying the results of prolonged investi- 

n and repeated experiment, so that these volumes constitute 
mpilation <ii the besl and most modem literature >>\ military 

ry, and form an invaluable source of information for the 
militan medical officer whether of the National Guard or the 

lar -- r\ i 

Hie growth in membership has been even more rapid and 

e than the increase in literature. The tiit\ surgeons 

w ho < line I with (uncial Semi mi the occasion "i the organization 

ol tll< loubled the next vear and lor tin- next 



Tim Association of Militar\ Surc.kons. 



three years the growth was 1>\ annual hundreds. The member- 
ship comprises representations from the Army, \a\\. Marine 




SI RGC< >N-GI AI.U'.U. L< 'I l> \\ . \U1.\D. 
Ex-Presideot of the Association. 

Hospital Corps and thirty-nine States, a-- shown in the following 
table: 



S B K V 1 1 - 


M RM- 


si K ' 


M 1 M 


VI C K S 


M 1 \l- 


A mi v 


7i. 










M.i ■ Hospital 


Virginia 




\.l \ \ 


■ 


Iowa 


7 


\ ! ..ii.i 




Pen m-\ 1 va ■> i.i 


41 


Nebraska 


(. 


Idah i 




New N m u 




i m.i 


5 


Mi. m .i na 




M issachusetls 


Jl 


M ii liii_'.i ii 


.-' 


Dakota 




initio - 


31 


I mil. in. i 


5 


. ... 






1> 


ido 


4 


Louisiana 




M ill 11. - 


12 


M ississipi 


4 


M.i i \ land 




nil 


11 


A labama 


3 


Nori ii Carolina 


1 


Rhode l-i.iinl 


11 


Florida 


.; 


South Carolina 




llMtl 


11 


K .i H -.1- 


.; 


Tennessee 




i on in i 


10 


Main.- 


.; 


Utah 




oluiubia 


in 


N'i'u Hampshire 


.; 


Vermont 




New Jei sej 


H> 


South Dakota 


3 


Washington 




To .n 




Total 


i.i 


Total 


1'' 



1. 1 



< >RIG1 N'AL AR I K I.I S. 



From this examination of tin- source of the membership, it is 
seen that the Army leads with nearh one-fifth of the entire num- 
ber; the \"av\ ami the Male of Pennsylvania follow with more 
than a tenth each; \ew York makes a close fourth with a thir- 
teenth, Massachusetts and Illinois both come to the foreground 
with a twentieth, and < mio ranks seventh with something more 
than a thirtieth of the membership. The fact that notwithstand 
ing the extensive dissemination of the membership, four-fifths of 
the members come from the Army, \a\\ and twelve States, 
speaks well for the activity and professional enthusiasm of those 
i ireranizatii ms. 



RANK 


HUH- 

P! 1 K 

43 
13 

_>j 

l".' 
B2 

:<4T 


HANK 


N U M - 

111 K 


Surgeon Generals 
Colonels 
Liient. Colonels 

« apt . i in — 

Lieutenants 

■ i 


Media .it Directors 

Mi .1 . .ii I nspectors 

Surgeons 

Passed A ss'1 x m gr's 

Assistant Surgeons 

Marine Hospital 

Total 


16 

20 
9 
7 
59 






Grand Total 


406 





The militan rank is distributed through all the gradi 
which medical officers are eligible, each grade being represented 
practically in the same proportion in which it appears in the usual 
militan organizations, although the highest grade, thai ol 
• in (Jeneral, is an exception in being the more frequent. 
Hie militan rank of the members does not necessaril) indicate 
their social or professional standing, for it no1 infrequently hap- 
pens that the lower rank is held l>\ nun of the highesl grade of 
ability and influence, but as a general rule, the possession of rank 
is a mark of distinction, while in not a few instances it is coupled 
with professional reputation of the highesl character. The fad 
then thai so large a proportion of the Surgeon < lenerals of S 
and ol the national - is represented in the association is an 

importanl indication of the estimation in which it is held. 

In 1804. the writer endea\ ored to en stallize the aims and ob- 
ati 'ii mi" a lew terse propositions, which were 
circulated al thai time, and which may still be employi 
an exposition of the raison </' ctrc <»i the bod) : 

It aim- to promote and develop militan medicine, sui 
and hygiene in < \a\ and in particular 1>\ 



'I'll I ASS< M I VI'H >N < »F M I I.I i.MO SURC.EO 



I I 



i. The establishment of miltan practice as a well-defined 
and generalh recognized specialty, which can he accompli 
onh b) the organization of those interested in it. 

2. Quickening the development of military medicine and 
surgery by the constant agitation of all topics pertaining to them. 

3. The encouragemenl of mutual acquaintance among mili 
tan surgeons, and the addition to the professional relations ol 




v. v. s v, it spi 1 \i \\ \nn \cks. 

that social quality, which is so uniforn il n!ific 

gn in tli. 

4. The establishment between the medical officers of the 
national services and those , .1 the Si >ps of a reciprocal in- 

terchange ol views and ideas, which cannol fail to be of advan- 

t< > both. 

5- rhe provision ol an appreciative audience not onlv in 
the attendants up. mi its meetings, but in the -till larger bod\ rep- 
resented in the readers proceedings, for the present 



\2 Original Articli 

of advances and improvements in military medicine, surgery, sani- 
tation and equipment and thus to incite improvement along those 
lint - 

creation of a living and growing bod) of militan 
medical literature in it- publications and, by the papers and dis- 
cussions published, to stimulate thought and labor in medico- 
militan channels. 

7. The stimulation of legislation beneficial to the medical 
departments >>i' 1 >• >t 1 1 national and State militan and naval estab- 
lishments, and to forward the organization of the medical staff in 
various States upon a health) basis independent of the caprice of 
c< immanding 1 ifficers. 

8. The maintenance of an esprit dc corps among medical 
officers, the existence <>i which shall insure scientific enthusiasm 
and unit) ' if acti< m in matt< rs invi ilvfrtg the w elfare 1 if the medical 
department in all military organization^. 

In addition to the scientific and social phases of the associa- 
tion suggested in these propositions, it also has an official side du< 
to the fad that a considerable number of those attending it- meet- 
ings arc officiall) delegated to such attendance by the authorit) 
from whom they have derived their commissions, the Govern- 
ors of tin several States in connection with National Guard or 
Militia officers, and the War. \av\ or [Yeasur) Departments in 

hi officers of the national services. X « > t onl) the United 
States l>nt even State in the Union has officiall) recognized the 
association; and tlin> it happens thai the cit) of Columbus will 
have as its guests during the seventh annual meeting nol onl) a 
large number of gentlemen of high scientific and personal stand- 
ing, Imt a considerable number of official representatives of 1 >* »t 1 1 
naiii iiial and State g< i\ emments. 

I he purpose • »i the annual meetings 1 »i the association i> two 
fold, technical and social. 1 The former includes the opportu- 
nities afforded for a common consideration of scientific matters 

lining to militan medicine, surgen and hygiene. This 1-. of 
course, the prime objeel ol the assemblage and natural!) the con- 
sideration of tin- scientific program consumes the greater portion 
of tin days <<\ the meeting. 2. But the opportunit) afforded for 
tin personal acquaintance of th< officers of the various services 
and national with one another and with tin- citizens of tin- 



Til I ASS< (CIATION Ol \ i 111 I \KY SURi 



13 



cities in which the meeting's are held is also a ver\ important 
nre. The evenings are given up to the social phase and on these 
occasions the members gladl) avail themselves oi the opportuni 
ties 1 iffered fi >r s< icial rela xati< >n. 




SI liGI 1 iN-GI \l R \L GC< >RGI O M »K. 
Member of the Executive Committee. 

A ven agreeable feature of man) of the meetings has been 
the presence in the cih of a considerable number of ladies who 
have accompanied the members to the place of meeting, and one 
of the most delightful phases of the gatherings have been the en- 
tertainments extended 1>\ local society t'> the visiting ladies ■ lur- 



i I Original Articli 

ing the hours when the sessions of the association have debarred 
the members from sharing the pleasures afforded. 

Besides the active members, alread) referred to, there are 
three other classes, associate, honorary and corresponding. Hie 
iate members are of two classes, (a) ex-medical officers ol 
the Armv, \av\ and State forces and of the United States \ olun- 
teers, and (b) officers of the United Stair- Marine ll"-]>ital Serv- 
ice, and other than medical officers <>f the national and State mili- 
um and naval forces. There are at present some thirty members 
in this class, but especial efforts are being made to increase the 
number, especially by the addition of former volunteer medical 
officers of the War of the Rebellion, the association realizing that 
their experience in actual war. notwithstanding the fact that the 
war of thirty-five years ago was a ver) different matter from that 
of to-day, will be of great advantage. Associate members have 
every privilege of active membership execept the rather negative 
..in of holding office or voting upon business matters, and every 
meeting is hi mored b) the presence of a number of them,- a num- 
ber which it is hoped will steadily increase. 

The list of honoran members consists of distinguished mili- 
tate and medical men whose work has qualified them for such 
consideration, and the corresponding membership comprises for- 
eign militan surgeons of prominence, mostly surgeon generals 
■ if armies. 

i If the gentlemen, upon whose shoulders the conduct of the 
affairs of the < lolumbus meeting rests, more than a passing word 
nnist be said. 

MEDIl \l MUM roR ( commodore) VLBER1 I.I \m el ll« >\. 

PRESIDEN1 

The acknowledged professional eminence of Medical Direc- 
tor |( ommodore) Albert 1. Gihon ol the United Mate- \a\\ 
render- his incumbency ol the Presidential chair peculiarly ap 
propriate. Retired from active Naval service with the rank of 
Commodore corresponding to the militan grade of Brigadier 

ral in 1805, I m Gihon closed an official career of unusual 



The Association oi Military Surc.eoxs 

- fncienc) and brilliancy. He was first under fire \\ 
in ia1 i ii the sli >op i il u ar I '< irl 51m 11 
was fired upon by the Chinese while 
attempting to pass the Barrier Forts 
on the Pearl river near Canton, and 
participated in the subsequent < n 
gagements which resulted in the cap 
ture of these F< irts. I [e tvas m board 
the Perry at th< 



15 
i< 11 in 1 851 i a 



time 1 if the capture 1 1| 



V \\K 1 {ft \ til IMV 11IIIV "'I lll\ v.<l|'l»iiv ' 

the privateer Savannah in 1861, and in 
[864 served with the blockading 
squadn m 1 in the ci iast 1 if S< >uth 1 i 
lina. In [868 he was detailed as 
senior medical officer of the hospital- 
Idaho, stationed at Nagasaki, 




fapan, and was 1 m 1 >< »ard that vessel 
when she was wrecked on her home- 
ward passage, through the center 
of the memorable typhoon of Septem- 
ber 21, 1869. For services rendered 
the Portuguese colon) at Dilly, Island 
1 if Tim< ir, and the men 1 if war Principe 
Dom Carlos and Sa da Bandeira, he received from the King of 
Pi irtugal the decoration of Knight of the Militan ( >rder of Christ; 
for services rendered to M. B. M. Ships Flint and Dawn, he was 
tendered the thanks ol the British government; and for similar 
services to the French gunboat Le Scorpion, he was officialh 
thanked b) the Commander-in Chief of the French East India 
Station. In his more than fort) years' service, during which he 
advanced from junior assistant surgeon to be senior Medical Di 
rector o I his corps, Dr. Gihon held many important official details 
and in many respects contributed to the advancement of Naval 
medicine; li i s work in Naval hygiene has turn particularl) vain 
able, his contributions to the subject ranking as the highest 
thority, and he has lived to see his "Practical Suggestions in 
Naval I [) giene," firsl published in 1871, all bec< ime accomplished 
facts, while his "ambulance cot," the official Naval hand litter, has 
been the most serviceable appliance for handling the disabled on 
ship bi lard l<n< >\\ n t< 1 science. 



[6 Original Articli 

I lu- m >ii >ii a physician, Dr. Gih m entered upon his medical 
studies at an early age although he had already received the de- 

of A. I'-. and concluded them before his twenty-first birth- 
day, for which reason he onl) received the degree of M. B. upon 
graduation, promptly followed, however, upon the attainment of 
his majority, by that of M. I >.. and the appointment to the chair 
of chemistry and toxicology in his alma mater, the Philadelphia 
t '. illege of Medicine and Surgery . His attention was directed to- 
wards a military career by the tender of a commission in the Rus- 
sian Army from the Russian Minister to the United States during 
the war in the Crimea, and having resigned his professorship, he 
tinalh concluded to enter the Naval service of his own country. 
During his professional life he has made man) contributions to 
medicine, particularly in the line of naval hygiene, public health, 
sanitary reform, state medicine, higher medical education, vital 
statistics, and medical demi igraphy and climat< >1< igy . He was fi >r 
»i\ years one of the editors of the Annual of Universal Medical 
Sciences, and was one of the authors of Wood's Reference I land- 

1 1, of Medical Sciences and of the Twentieth Century Practice 

of Medicine, in addition to which his name has been attached to 
main papers both in general and professional periodical lit- 
erature. Dr. Gihon is originator of the project to erect a monu 
ment in the city of Washington, to Dr. Benjamin Rush, Surgeon 
1 leneral and Physician-* reneral of the Continental Army, the site 
for which has been recently assigned by the Navy Department 
in the park fronting the U. S. Naval Museum ol Hygiene 

Medical I >irect< >r < rih< m'> ability as a presiding i >fficer has been 

In much practical experience in medical society work. He 

was for many years the regular delegate of the Navy 1 department 

to the American Medical Association and American Public Health 

iation, and from tune to time has served as \ ice President 
mi the former and Presidenl of the latter. President of the Ameri- 
can Academy of Medicine. Presidenl of the Naval Medical So 

President of the Section on Climatology and Demography 
of the Ninth International Medical Congress at Washing 
1887, Honorary Presidenl of the Sections on Medical Geography 
and ( limatology and Military and Naval Hygiene at the Tenth 
International Medical < ongress at Berlin, 1890, Presidenl of the 
Section on Hygiene, Climatology and Demography at the First 



I 111 Association of Military Surc.f.oxs. 17 

Pan American Medical < ongress and successivel\ Second Vice 
President, First Vice President and Presidenl of tin \ — iciation 
of Militan Surgeons of the Inited States. To this extensh 
perience in parliamentary administration, President Gihon adds 
a genial temperament, a remarkable readiness in debate, and a 
wide-spread reputation a- a raconteur, all of which adds much t<> 
the anticipation ol an exceptionally successful meeting under his 
I 'residenc) . 

rmrc;. i,i.\. i:n\\ \ki> jacoh forster, kirs'i \ i< 1: I'RESIdext. 

[f it be true that death loves a shining mark, he could 
sought no brighter target for his shafts, than Surgeon General 
Edward J. Forster of Ma- tts, the First Vice ['resident of 

the Association, who died suddenly in \*ew York, Max 15. [896, 
of cerebral hemorrhage. While in attendance upon the meeting 
of the Association 1 1 Militan Surgeons, from which he was re 
turning when the fatal vascular rupture occurred, < Ieneral Forster 
was apparently in the most perfect health of a vigorous prime and 
his genial spirit and ripe experience not onl\ deepened the afTec 
tii m and respect with winch he was regarded b\ the association, 
but materialh contributed to the (level ipment of the association 
work. \\ bile there ma\ be others to whom hi> death is a. deeper 

avement, there can be none who mourn his loss with more 
sincere regret than tin ation in which his work was of s<> 

much value and in w hich he had attain- - ;i >n. 

Dr. Forster was born in Charlestown, Mass., |ul • : . 1846 
and received the doctorate in medicine from Harvard in [868, 
after which he continued his studies in Paris and Dublin, befon 
his return to the home ol his childhood to enter upon his profes 
sional labors. Whil< I ident he had becom< a. memb 

the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, and had not been lot 
practice before he was promoted to the surge* the Fifth 

R gimenl of thai organization, an office which, for mam years, 

dministered with notable efficiency. In [80,4, he was again 
promoted to Medical Director of the First Rrigade, and in [895 
he succeeded to the highest medico-militan office in the State 
upon his appointment as Surge* in < ieneral of the Comnn >n wealth 
of Massachusetts. This office ( ieneral Forster filled with the rare 
efficient born onl\ of long experience, careful study, and ripe 



1 8 



( )kk;inal Artk 



judgment and during his incumbency he set a pace progressive 
and aggressive enough t<> be a worthy example to lii- successors 
for all time. 

In his medical work, he was from the beginning conscien- 
tious, painstaking, tireless and sympathetic. For many years he 




1 ' ' i \l I .[ A\ VRI l I.I' IRS ! I R 



>! v I \SI l> 



ivas visiting physician to the Boston City Hospital, in connection 

with wfrich he w.i- also for some years Secretary of the medical 

1 1 1- was active in the promi >tion <>i' the movemenl to secure 

icdical registration law and when the movement finallv 



The Association or Military Surgeons. 



[G 



culminated in the law of 1894, he was appointed a member "i" the 
Board of Registration and became its Secretary. 

1 I e was a power in medical society w< >rk and both the A I a --a 
chusetts Medical Societ\ and the Obstetrical Society of Boston 
will permanentl) bear the impress of the judicious and zealous 
administration of the various offices to which he was elected 1>_\ 
them. In [891, he was elected Treasurer of the former and im- 
mediatel) set himself not onl\ to simplying and improving the 
system of accounts, but he devoted an enormous amount of time 
and labor to the preparatii in of a complete catalogue of the society 
from its foundation in 1781, which will ever remain an enduring 
memorial of Dr. Forster's zeal and efficiency in office. 

He was in the habit of seeking recreation in natural histon 
and was an interested student of the habits and ways ol the bee, 
while in botany his interesl was manifested b\ the production oi 
a valuable work on the identification of edible mushrooms. 

General Forster's social, patriotic, charitable and scientific 
inclinations found vent in numerous societies ol which he was a 
member and in which his sterling qualities always made his pres 
ence felt. He became a member of the Association ol Military 
Surgeons in [894 and was appointed a member of the committee 
on legislation : in 1895 he became a member of the executive com- 
mittee, and in 1896 he was unanimously elected First \ ice P 
dent of the Association. There was but one higher honor that 
the association could confer upon him and it is the source oi the 
most profound regret to many of the members that his untimely 
demise has prohibited hi- election to the Presidency. 



R JOHN \ \\ RENSSELAER 1 1 « 'II. SECOND VICE ['RESIDENT. 

In casting about for one of tin ablest and mosl energetic 
ifficers in the army, to make one of its \ ice Presidents, the choice 
of the association naturalh fell upon Major John Van Rensselaer 
HofT. whose work in medico-militan line- ha- made him so 
wideh and favorably known. Major Hoff i- both military and 
medical 1>\ inheritance for he is a -on of the late i olonel A. II 
1 [i iff, in hi- da\ i me i >f the mi isl distinguished i ifficers i if • mr army 
medical department. After a collegiate course at Union College, 
resulting in the degrees of A. B. and V \L. Dr. Hoff attended 
medical lectures at the Albam Medical College and at the (Ml 
lee< of Phvsicians and Surgeons of \'ew York, from both oi 






ix Ai Artk 



which he received the doctorate in medicine, and completed hi> 
iration for his life work b\ a course in the L'niversit\ of 

\ ienna. 

When, in 1S74. after having been closed for six years, the 

medical department of the army was opened up to candidates for 
mmission. Dr. HofFs military instincts K-<1 him to enter as a 




n \i. IR I- HIN \ W Rl NSSI 1 \| | x . M' 'I I . 
Second Vice President. 

member of the first class to become assistant surgeons. In his 
militai twent\ two years, which have since elap 

Majoi II has been varied and extensive, compi 

dut> of both oceans, in civilization and among sa\ 

m\ among active hostilities, acqui 
him* vhere with high credit. 1 1< was the seni< ■ 



The Association of Military Surc.eox< 



j i 



er with the Seventh Cavalry during the SioiiN campaign oi 
1890-91, and his exceptional bravery and efficiency not only won 
him complimentary mention in General Orders from the VVai 
I department, hut caused him to lie recommended for a brevet for 
gallantry in the affairs at Wounded Knee and White ( lay ' reek 

Major Hoff was the organizer of the first school of instruc 
tion for the Hospital I orps, and commanded the first Company 
if Instruction at Fori Rile) for four years, during which time his 
work in connection with the development and improvement ol 
the Corps was of the highest value. Much ol his best work has 
been done in connection with various Hoards ol which he has 
been a member, prominent among which were: the Equipment 
Board of the Medical Department, [891, the Hospital Corps Drill 
Regulations Hoards of iSmj and [896, the Medical Examining 
Hoard of [8»;3, an Emergency Ration Hoard in [895 and numer- 
als 1 ithers. 

In [885, he was Assistant Professor oi < iphthalmology at the 
L'niversit) of California and in [89-1 Lecturer upon Military Sani 
tation at the Medical Department of Harvard University. He 
>ides the lectures connected with these positions, Major I lofl has 
contributed extensively to medical literature, especial!) to mili- 
um medical literature, and his Notes on Hearer Drill were one 
of < mi" earliest contributions to the subject. 

Major Hoff is a member of the Societ) of Colonial War-, 
and the Sons of the Revolution, companion of the Militan < >rdcr 
of tin Lo al Legion, Surgeon of the X'ew York Societ) ol the 
War of [812, Honorary Member of the < >rder of Militan Sur- 
geons of New fersey, and Fellow ol the New York Academy ol 
Medicine. He served as Secretary of the section on militan 
medicine and surgen at the Washington meeting "i" the Pan- 
American Medical Congress, has been a member of the Associa 
tion of Militan Surgeons of the United States since its second 
■ g and was elected \ ice President in in 

MAIOK HERMAN Itl'RC.IX, -h K I I \KS . 



Major Hurgin, if there be anx power in heredity, should be 
,tn American of the Americans. * oming of a family with an 
American histon of nearly three centuries "ii his father's side and 
almost two humlrol vears <>u his mother's side, with an am 



Original Articles 

active in the earl) and later struggles of the countrj for independ- 
ence, lii- name finds a peculiarly appropriate environment upon 
the r< >11- i >i" the si tcieties i >i the ( Cincinnati, the S< >n- i if the Rev< >lu- 
ti< »n ami the War i if 1 8 1 2. Fi »r f( >ur \ ears he was Assistant Treas- 
urer and for ten years Treasurer of the Cincinnati in New I- 
serving also for ten years as Assistanl Treasurer General of tin- 




N \ \ u iR in RA\ \\ BURGIN. 
Seen 

• v I lie organization of the Pennsylvania S iciet) ol 

the Sons of the Revolution was due to his active agitation of the 

nd lie was one of the charter members, while he has been 

an activi member and one of the general officers of the Society ol 

the W m _• 



The Association of Military Surc.eons. 23 

Born in [Philadelphia in [850, he became an A. I'.. 
University of [Pennsylvania in 1S71 and an A. M. in [874, while 
in [879, he received the doctorate in medicine from the Jeffers m 
Medical College. I hiring tin- ensuing five years he was engaged 
in general medical practice, but in [885 he became the medical 
examiner for the Pennsylvania Railway, a position which he held 
with credit for six years. In 1890 he was appointed medical ex 
aminer for the (jrand Fraternity, and in [896 he became Seci 
of tiir organization, a position which he still holds. 

Dr. Burgin's milium career began in [885 with hi- appoinl 
ment as Assistant Surgeon of the Second Infantn Regiment of 
the National Guard of Pennsylvania, and in due course he sue 
ceeded to the Surgeonc) of the same regiment. In his militan 

v \ . .i-l li.. Iiie m-i.l.. -i i-nopiolti. ..1" ciniHrii imnrnironi .it -iii.l li/~»c- 



ceeded to the Surgeonc) of the same regiment. In his militan 
work, he has made a specialty of sanitary improvement and hos 
pital work, and during the last ten years, it has become quite a 
matter of course to appoint him on the advance detail for the an 
nual encampment. By his labors and the influence he has ex 
erted, great advances have taken place in the sanitan matters oi 
tin- National Guard of his State. 



the National Guard of his State. 

In addition to the patriotic societies heretofore referred to. 
Major Burgin is a member of the Germantown Medical Society, 
of the Medical Emergency Coqjs under the Philadelphia Depart- 
ment of Public Safety, a life member of the Historical Soci< 
Pennsylvania, and a member of the Association of Militan Sur- 
er* ins of the United States, of which he was elected Secreta 
1 8< »< 1 

CAPTAIN JAMES JA\ ERWIN, rREASURER. 

Captain Erwin is exceptional!) well fitted for the work oi .1 
militan medical officer b) the fad that he is a qualified practi 
tioner not onl\ of medicine but of dentistn and pharmac) as well. 
Bom near Newton Falls, < >hio, in 1850, Captain Erwin began the 
stud) of medicine at the age of [6, but, two years later deviated 
to dental surgen upon the active practice of which he entered in 
1 S7 1 As time passed, however, he resumed his medical study 
and in [887 graduated from the Medical Department of the I'ni- 
versit) of Wooster as Presidenl of his class, aftenvards serving .1 
term as Presidenl of the alumni association of his ahna mater 
I [aving achieved the docti »rate in medicine, he also took a c< inrse 






Original Artk 



in pharmao and graduated from the National Institute of Pharm 
ac\ at Chicago, although he had been for a number of years a 
licensed pharmacist and the proprietor of a pharmac) at Youngs 
town, ( >lm>. where, upon hi- graduation in medicine, he also con- 
tinued in medical practice until [891, when In- removed to Cleve- 
land, his present residence. Dr. Erwin is the author of a number 




> \l'l \l\ I \ m S 1 \S I RWIN, 
Treasurer. 

ni valuable papers 011 medical and medico military subjects, which 
have been published in various journals and transactions and has 
w ritten si mic \ erse 1 if n< 1 little merit. 

When the battalion organization was adopted for the regi- 
ments of the 1 >hio National Guard in 1893, Dr. Erwin was com- 
missioned a- 1 aptain ami Assistant Surgeon of the Fifth Infantry, 



h i Association oi Military Surc.koxs. -5 

and in [896 lie was appointed t" the same office in the Firsl Light 
Artillery, in botli of which positions, he has served with excep- 
ti< mal efficienc) . 

Captain Erwin is a militan man and a patriot b\ inheritance 
for he traces his lineage to a most distinguished military family of 
Scotland, more recently, to no less than three members of the 
American forces in the Revolution, one participant in the colonial 
wars, and two officers in the War of [812, while his father was an 
1 ifficer < if the State tn m >ps in the War 1 if the Revi iluti< in. He 1- a 
member of the Societies of the Sons of the American Revolution 
and of tlir War of iSij. and was one of the organizers oi the 
Cleveland Medical Society. He became a member of the Asso 
ciation of Militan Surgeons of the United Man- in i8c)5 and the 
association 1- to be congratulated upon having secured his services 
as treasure r in 1 8< >< 1 



MAJOR ITIARLKS CII U'NCKY r< »S I I.K. I Ml I '• IR. 

Major Foster was born in Cambridge, Mass.. in 1857 and is 
doubly an alumnus of Harvard, graduating from that institution 
in arts in 1880 and in medicine in 1884. I hiring the ensuing two 
years he further elaborated his medical education 1>\ post gradu- 
ate stud) at home and abroad, engaging in special work in Bos 
ton, \ T ew York, London and Vienna. Pursuing his studies un 
der the careful oversight of Buckminster Brown he naturalh 
gravitated into orthopedic surgery, to which he specially devoted 
himself both in private practice and in his public work as ortho- 
pedic surgeon to the Cambridge Hospital and as visiting phy- 
sician i" the Avon Home for Children and to St. Luke's Home. 
Major Foster is a member of the National ( Orthopedic Associa- 
tion and am. m- the frequenl professional papers which have ap 
peared under his name tin >se upi in 1 irtln ipedic subj( cts are greatly 
in the maji irit_\ . 

I >r. Foster 1- a member of the State ami local medical socie- 
ties, and of the Puritan, the Papyrus and tin- St. Botolph < Hubs in 
Boston, lie i- a companion of tin- Militan < >rder of the Loyal 
Legion b\ inheritance from hi- father deceased, and ha- always 
made hi- In ime in t 'ambridge. 

Major Foster enlisted on the t itli "t" March. [886, a- a private 
in the First Corps of Cadets of the Massachusetts Volunteer 



26 



Original Articles. 



Militia and on tin- -'jtli of April of the following year was pro- 
moted to be Assistanl Surgeon of the Fifth Regimenl of I man 
tr\. M. \. M. < >n the 25th of March, 1889, Ik was again pro- 
moted t" be Surgeon with the rank of Major, a grade which he 




*\ \i< iR CM \RI I S v 1 1 \l NCI -^ I < 's 1 1 R, 
Edl1 

has since filled with great efficiencj and acceptability. Kor three 
years Major Foster has also served as recorder of the Board of 
Medical ' ►fficers for the examination of candidates for medical 
commissions. Il<- became a member of the Association of Mill 
Burgeons of the United States in 1894 ami at bhe meeting "i 
i8«)n was 1 li 1 ted Fditor of the annual volume ol Proceedings. 



Tim Association 01 Mn.rr.uo s i km 27 

hi designating 1 olumbus as the localih of the seventh an- 
nual meeting, the association assured the success of the gather 
ing. I he members ol the association are men such a^ the cit\ dc 
lights to honor and. while everything points to a meeting of cn 
ceptional value, Columbus and the State of Ohio ma\ be de- 
pended upon to see thai even essential will be present to make its 
social features something never to be forgotten. 

1 >f the man \ public buildings, pertaining to the State and 
municipal government, none will be closed. I he best men of the 




\ II \\ c'N I III PARADI COl.l'AVBl'S BARRACKS. 



Stat< and city, headed b\ the Governor, the Representative in 
Congress, the Mayor and numerous of the mosl wideh known 
citizens have united in most cordial expressions of welcome. 
riie medical profession, as represented l>\ the medical colleges 
and societies, arc not m am respeel wanting in like expressions. 
The militan organizations, both of the Arm) and the National 
1 iiiard. are a unit in similar sentiments, so that even local condi 
tion appears to combine to secure a mosl satisfactory meeting. 






< > k 1 1 . 1 \ \ I . A RT I C L ES. 



' If the scientific work "i the meeting, the program speaks for 
itself. The large amount of work outlined there is onl\ another 
indication of the general recognition of the fact that the mutual 
support and organization afforded l>\ the association to militan 
surgeons will much a>-i>t in the mitigation of the sufferings oi 
future wars. So long a> man is human, and the human mind is 
liable to error, war will exist. The blissful dream of perpetual 
peace can onl) be realized when the Divinity crowns the mortal 
with immortality. So long as envy, jealous) and revenge are at 
tributes of humanity, so long will war be a present terror and a 
coming horror. So long as human ingenuity continues active, 
the horrors of combat will In.- increased 1>\ the invention of pro 

sively destructive weapons with their terrible train of aug- 
mented suffering and expanded mortality. It i> the function of 
militan surgeons \>< alleviate these wretched results of human 
fallibility, ami it i^ tin mission of the Association of Militan Sur- 
ge< ins ti i create, devel< ip ami desseminate the best means i if attain- 
in- this end. I wi es E. I 'i u h er. 













1 




I III Hi V R VI ;. BL'SHNI 

Governor 
y Chairman of the Comn I " 'angements. 



ASSOCIATION OF MILITARY SURGEONS OF Th|E 
UNITED STATES. 





ANNA in' A.\\( >UXCEMEN F 



V$ i>reparatii ms 



Committee of Arrangements for the Se\ 

entli Annual Meeting, which will convene in 

Columbus, Ohio, on Ma\ 25th, 26th and 

27th, has the honor to announce that the 

fi ir the meeting are n< >\\ ci >m- 

] lete. 

A large attendance has been assured b\ 
■If he action of ihr War and \av\ Departments 
and the Governors of States in designating liberal 
delegations to the meeting, which will be supple 
uuntcd. owing to the central position of Colum- 
bus, bj a large volunteer attendance. 
Headquarters of the Association will be at the Chitten 
den Hotel, where the Registration and Credentials Committees 
will l>e in attendance on Monday and Tuesday : members are re 
quested to present themselves and their credentials promptly upon 
arrival in order that the roll of members in attendance may be 
made without delay. The return fare certificates should also be 
nted at the same time. 

< >n Monda) evening at 8 P. M. a meeting of the Executive 
Committee will be hcM at the Chittenden Motel. 



30 



M [LITAm Si RGE( tNS' I 'iv'i (GRAM. 

RE] >UCE] ) RAILW V^ I \\<\ IS. 



3i 



The rate ol a fare and a third for the round trip has b< 1 n 1 1 11 
ceded to persons attending the meeting - , b_\ the Railway Passen- 
ger Associations, easl of the Mississippi River 

To assure this rate, each person must purchase not earlier 
than three days before the meeting, one first class ticket to Colum 
bus, at the same time obtaining from the ticket agent a certificate 
to that effect. This is absolutely essential, as the reduced rate oi 
one third the regular return fare will be allowed onh upon presen 

n of the certificate, properh riscd, to the ticket agenl al 
lumbus. 

The return-fare certificates should be deposited with the 
Committee of Arrangements, immediately upon arrival in Colum- 
bus, at the registratii in < iffice in the Chittenden Hotel, where the\ 
will be endorsed bj Major Briggs, Chairman of the Transporta- 
tion Committei . i iscd by the Agent of the Central Passenger As 
sociation and held ready to be returned on tin- morning of Thurs 
da\ . Ma\ 27. 

Special Militan Surgeons' Cars. The Buckeye Route and 
Royal Blue Line have kindly offered to put on special car- from 
Mew York, Philadelphia, and Chicago through to Columbus for 
the convenience of members of the Association. Hiesc cars will 
leave Vczv York (C. I\. R. of \. I. Depot, fool ol Libert) St.) al 
5 o'clock, Sundav afternoon, Ma\ 23; and will start from Phila- 
delphia (II. & ( K Ry. Station) at 7:40 on the same afterno 
both cars arriving in Columbus at 2:20 Monday afternoon. A 
special car will leave Chicago (Dearborn St. Depot), al 8 o'clock, 
Mondaj evening, reaching Columbus al 7 Tuesda\ morning. It 
is suggested that members \\ In • can arrange to connect \\ ith 
car- will find much added enjoyment in the associations which 
tluw will aff< n'd. 



PLA( ES 1 »F MEE II. \< .. 

The meetings will be held in the High Street Theater, the 
Senate Chamber of the State. Starling Medical College, and the 
1 | ispital at ( !i ilumbus Barracks. 



}_' Oric.inal Articli 

Hi >TELS. 

hotels of Columbus, with the rates charged b\ each, are 

as i' 'll> >\\ s: 

The Chittenden— American plan $3.0 ■-■ kd 

The Hotel Xeil American plan $2.00 to $3.00 

The Park Hotel American plan $2.00 I 1 $3 

The Davidson House American plan. $2.00 

Tin American II itel American plan.. $2.0 
Tlit 1 li m idall 1 1< mse 1 i> »r gentlemen 1 mh I, 

European $1.00 1 

Smith's Hotel (for gentlemen only), Eu- 

ean Si .<><> to $2 

CNIFl IRMS. 

Pull dress uniform, with side arm-, shall be worn at the 
• Opening Session on Tuesdaj morning, and al all evening enter- 
tainments. 

Patigue uniform shall be worn during the day, except at the 
ia\ m< irning Sessi< m. 

Civilian evening dress, with the Association button, ma\ be 
worn if preferred, in the evening 

mber of the Association is urgently requested to de- 
fill out and mail t" the Committee of Arranj 
blank notification enclosed herewith. 

\ detail ' 'i tin' Hospital Corps \\ ill It on dutx at the Union 
n Mondaj afternoon and Tuesday morning i" give mem- 
such information ami assistance a- tin \ ma\ desire. 

The Association photograph will he taken on tin- wesl 

House al tin close of tin- Thursday morning 

\ll communications relating to local matters connected with 
tin- meeting should be addressed \*< tin- "Committee "t' Vrrange 
ments for the \- lilitan Surgeons, Columbus. O." 



Military Surgeons' Program. 33 

ENTERTAINMENTS. 

( >n Tuesday evening the Association will pa\ its n 
Governor and Mrs. Bushnell at their residence, 940 East Broad 
street. 

On Wednesday evening a reception will be tendered to the 
Association b\ the officers ami ladies ol ( olumbns Barracks. 

1 hi Thursda\ evening the Association will lie entertained at 
the Columbus Club 1>\ the Academy "i Medicine. 

It i- hoped that the members of tin- Association w ill be largeh 
accompanied b\ ladies, and especial arrangements will Ik- made 
fin - their entertainment bv tlu- Ladies' Auxiliary Committee. 



PRl x rR \M 



OPENING SESSION, to A. M.. TUESDAY, MAN' _>.; 

IIK.II STR] II Mil VTER. 

Music bj the Seventeenth ('. S. Infantry Band. 

1. March Washington Post Sousa 

2. Overture Oriental Blajnv 

Invocation Rev. Washington Gladden, I 1 D 

Introductory Remarks. Captain James V. Pilcher, 1'. S. A. 

Chairman of Local Committee on Program. 

The Citj of Co lu in bus I Inn. Samuel 1.. Black, 

Mayor of < !olumbus. 

::. Two Stop S'< 

The State of Ohio lion. \-.-i S, Bushnell, 

i \o\ ernor of < ihio. 

The Medical Profession of Ohio Dr. Dan Millikin 

Ex I '!• sidenl < >hio State Medical Soc 

; : r:i .-.-i'-r \' taqui - ; i iil» i 'i 

Tli.' Ohio National Guard Maj 1 Henrj A. Axline. 

Adjutant < General of < >hio. 

Th« • ion of Militarj Surgeons of 

Surg ral Nicholas Senn, Founder of the As 



^ 4 i )riginal Artk i i 

- selection Musical Smiles Conradi 

President's Annual Address. 
On the Status of the Miliary and Naval Medical Officer, 

Medical Director (Commodore) Albert Leary Gihon, 
President of the Association. 

Announcements tor the Meeting Major Henry Mel. w. M 

Chairman Committee of Arrangemei 

., March El Capitan N "" v " 

SEO >ND SESSION, _> P. M.. TUESDAY, MAY 25. 

81 N VI i: < II \M 1:1 R. 

Reports of Offii ers and Committees. 

Appointment of Nominating Committee. 

A Plea for the More Efficient Organization of the Medical Department 

mi our Ship.- of War. 
By Medical Inspector {Commander) John C. Wise, 1 . 8. Vary, Washing- 

ton. D. C. 

The Wink of the Medical Department on Naval Vessels 

By Surgeon {Lieut. Commander) C. 1. Seigfried, I . 8. S'avy, \~eicport, 1: 1 

The Medical Officer of the National Guard. 

cut. Colonel Leonard B. limy, Medical Director {Retired), Conn. V. '/.. 

\ 1,111 nh . I 'mm. 

The Hospital Corps of the National Guard of Pennsylvania. 

/.'// Major J. A. Weaver, Surgeon First Brigadi V. G. Pa., \orristoicn, Pa. 

The I lospital Corps in Connect icut. 

By Major Julian l.n Pierre, 8urgcon, V. G. Conn., \~oricich, Conn. 

The Medical Department of the Mexican National \rmy. 

/: Major Louis I/. Maus, Surgeon, I . S. Irmy, Washington, D I 

A Militar> Delegate to the Second Pan American 1 
November, 1896. 

onel Charles II. llden, Isslstani Surgeon General, 1 . S. irmy, 
Washington, i> • 

Som< the Medical Department of the National Guard 

< aptain Gilbert I. Cullen, Issistanl Surgeon 0, V. '.'.. Cincinnat 

llllkh SESSK ).\". 10 A. M.. WEDNESD \\ . M U 

SENATE CHAMBER 

eal D eas< In t be Nav) and Its Prevention. 

• ,11 1 / U Hi' nant) 1: Percy C\ andall, 1 
\ orfolk, 1 irginia. 



M [ LITARY SURGEO a' Pl« IGRAM. 35 

On Military Medical Problems. 

By Lieut. Colonel llfred I. Woodhull, Medical Department '. .-. limy, 

I h ii 1 1 r. i 'oloi ado. 

The 1 I \ giene of Enlisted Men. 

By Major (}. ('. [shnuin, Surgeon O. V. <i., Cleveland, <>. 

The Practical Disinfection of ships of War. 

By Surgeon {Lieutenant) J. C. Craig, ' . N \avy, Brooklyn, V. Y. 

Some Practical Points on Antisepsis in the Navy, embracing H 
and Disinfection of Ships, Barracks and Yards, with a View to I 
venting the importation of Germs of Disease and the Spread of 
Contagious Vffecl ions. 

By Medical Director (Captain) (!. W. Woods, V. > Vary, !/«/•< Island, 

California. 
Camp Sanitation in the National Guard. 

Ily Captain James J. I'm in. Issistanl Surgeon (). V. '-'.. Cleveland, <>. 

Some Remarks on Mountain Campaigning from ;i Medical Standp 
By Captain Henry I'. Birmingham, [ssistanl Surgeon I S. \rmy, I'ort 

Trumbull, Conn. 

The Adoption of an Emergencj Elation for the National Guard. 

By Mai*.,- Thomas J. Sullivan, Surgeon, III. V. (f., Chicago, III. 

\: the close of this Session the Association Photograph will be 
taken from the Wesl Portico of the State Ho 



FOURTH SESSION', 2 P. M.. WEDNESDAY, MAY 26. 

M \ \ 1 I CHAMBER. 

Disability Discharge in the United States \tiny. 

• olonel hallux Baehe, Issistanl Surgeon General 1 . S. Irmy, Omaha, 

\ 1 braska. 
Ident iflcal ion. 

■1 11. [dair, Surgeon I . S. limy, Washington Barracks, 
l>. C. 

Objections to the System of identification in Use in the United - 
Army. 
By Major Paul /,'. Brown, Surgeon I . S. Irmy, Fori Hamilton. V. ) . 

• I Appliance for the Extempore Preparation of Hypodermal 
hit inns. 
By Major Henry Mel. II. Moore, Surgeon 0. V. ','.. Columbi f) 

The B( tti r T> pe of M- dical Offi< 

By Lieutenant Colonel llfred I. Woodhull, Medical I 

1 ''/. 

The 1 da in Military Prac 

B 1 ( ■ // Penrose, Surgeon General 1 (ah \. '/.. Salt I 

1 tah. 



36 < Original Articles. 

. aeration In Military Life. 

ptain Charles E. Woodruff, Issistani Surgeon, ' S. irmy, Fort 

Sin riihi/i , ///. 
Dental Instruction in First Aid. 

Rory Fletcher, Eighth 1. />'.. King's Royal Rifles, Lon- 
don, England. 
Persona] Equipment for Field Service. 

■hi. Colonel Henry /.'. Tilton, Deputy Surgeon General, 1 . S. irmy, St. 
Paul, Minn. 
First Aid on the Firing Line. 
/.'// Captain James J. Ericin, Issistani Surgeon 0. \. G., Cleveland, 0. 

ill Til SESSION, i<> A. M.. THURSDAY, MAN' 27. 

STARLING MEDICA] COLLEGE. 

(From 8 to 10 I. 1/.. (in exhibition of appliances useful in Militt 
Medicine, Surgery and Hygiem will o< In hi in lln Library of 
Starling \h dical < 'olh m .1 
Report of the Nominating Committee. 

Radical Cure of Inguinal Hernia from the Standpoint of the Mili- 
tary Surgeon. 
/.'// Major John I/. Banister, Surgeon 1 . S. Irmy, Fori Leavenworth, 

Kansas. 
On Fracture of the Lower Extremity of the Radius in its General and 

Military Aspects. 
By Dr. Lewis Stephen Pitcher, formerly Passed Issistani Surgeon, > . S. 

\ hi a, Brooklyn, V. T. 
Slowly Absorbable Catgut by a Modification of the Boeckmann Mi 

tptain IV*. C. Borden, Assistant Surgeon, ' . S. irmy, Fort Snclling, 
Minnesota. 
The Ambulant Treatmenl of Fractun 

I'.u Major Edward Martin, Surgeon V. G. Pa., Philadelphia, Pa. 

On the Management of Acute or Sudden Recurrenl Appendicitis in Camp 

and in the Field. 

By Brig. Gen. 1/. 0. Terry, sarin mi General V. G. S. V. ).. ' tica, \. ). 

Some Effects of Bullets, wit iticon Illustrations. 

/: Brig. Gen. Jefferson i>. Griffith, Surgeon General (Retired), !/-•. V. <■. 

Kansas City, 1/". 
The Place of Military Medicine and Surgerj in the Medical College Cur- 
riculum. 

M. Kober, Professoi 0/ Military Surgery in tin < 
1 mill si 1 a Medical School, Washington, D. I 

SIXTH 5ESSU >N, _' P \l . III! fRSl > \Y. \l U 27 

COLUMBUS BARRACKS. 

M. the I" S \ liny Battalion Field Hospital will 

the Drill of the Hospital Corps and Company 

ltn tin Com pat entrenth 1 S. Infantry and n l><- 

luiiiiiii hi 0/ tin Hospital Corps 



M I III \RV Sl'Ki.l.i »NS' PR( (GRAM. 3/ 

The Lines of Surgical Aid on the Battlefield, as Modified by Modern 

Military Conditions. 
I i aptain James I . Pitcher, Issistant Surgeon I . >'. Irmy, Columbus 

Barracks, Ohio. 
Militarj Sanitary Organization on the Lim on and al 

the Base. 
By Major John Van Rensselaer Hoff, Surgeon ' . S. \inni. Vancouver Bar- 
racks, u ash. 
A new Method of Lifting and Carrying a Patienl by a Single Bearer. 

By Uaioi Henry Mel. ll . Moore, Surgeon 0. V. G., < 0. 

\ Medical Chest, suitable for a Battery, Troop, or Independent i 
pany. 
vutcnant Herbert I. [mold, issistant Surgeon, Battery I.. \. G. I'u., 

I ill iimi i , I'u . 

\ Portable Folding Genera] Operating Table for Use on Naval V< 

furgcon (Lieut. Commander) C. I. Seigfried, I . S. Vary, Vcirport, /,'. /. 
The Physique of the American Soldier. 

By Major Henry S. Kilbournc, Surgeon, ' . S. irmy, Madison Barracks, V.V. 
Physical Training in our Army and Navy. 

By Surgeon {Lieutenant) Henry G. Beyer, l . S. Vary, Washington, l>. C. 
Physical Training in the National Guard. 

By Captain Win. ilfred Westerrelt, Issistant Surgeon, 0. V. '... Colum- 
bus, <>. 
What to Avoid in Army Athletics. 
By Lieutenant John S. Kulp, Issistant Surgeon, I . S. irmy, Vani 

Barracks, Wash. 
The Soldier as an Athleb 

By Lieutenant City C. M. Godfrey, [ssistani Surgeon. I . S. Irmy, St. 

Paul, Minn. 



< IFFICERS AN'D C< >MMITTEES. 

i mi: 1896 1897. 

President M \i Dim i (Commodore) ALBERT L. GIHON 

r. S. Navy (retired), New Fork City. 

First Vice-President Biuu. Gen. EDWARD J. FORSTER, 
I reneral, Mass. V. M i decea 3ed) Bosl on M 

Second Vice-President Major JOHN VAN RENSSELAER HOFF, 
eon, U. S. Army, Vancouver Barracks, Wash. 

Secretary Ma.ioh HERMAN BURGIN, Surgeon, N. G. Penns; 
nia. 503 Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa 

Treasure! Capi un JAMES J. ERWIN, Assistant Surgeon, Ohio N 
<;.. 1617 Cedar Vve., Cleveland, < >. 

Editor Ma.joii CHARLES C FOSTER, Surgeon, Massachusetts V 
M., Cambridge, M 

(The foregoing .n^ a M< mbers of tl 

mitt- 



»g ( >RIGIN \1 Ai; I li l.l S. 

EXE< UTIVE Cl IMMITTEE. 

Brig Gen Georgi Cook, Surgeon General N. li. N. G. (retired); 

Brig. Gen. Frederick a. Byers, Surgeon General, Wisconsin N. G.; 

Lieut. Col. Charles M. Woodward, Surgeon General, Michigan S. T. 

ised); Major Philip l". Harvey, Surgeon, U. S. Army; Major Dirk 

a. Ki'yk, Surgeon, Virginia V. Tin Ex-Presidents, ex-Officio Members: 

\i, hoi vs Si w. Surgeon General. Illinois N. G.; Brig. Gen. GEORGE 

M. Sternberg, Surgeon General, l'. S. Arm) ; Col. Loi is W. Read, Sur- 

:i General, X. G. Pennsylvania. 

STANDING C( >MMITTEES. 

Publication Committee — Lieut. 11. Lincoln Chase, Assistant Surgeon, 
V. M.. 126 Harvard St., Brookline, Mass.; Lieut. Col. 
Charles II. French, Medical Director. R. 1. V. M.; Lieut Col. Nelson 
II Henry, Ex-Assistanl Surgeon General. N. G. S. X. Y. 

Ijiterary Committe* Major I'm i R. Brown, Surgeon, l". s. Army, 

Hamilton, X. Y.: Lieut. Col. Charles F. W. Myers, Medical Di- 

N G x. .1. ; Lieu i . Col. Leonard B Almy, Medical Director <re- 

tired), Connecticut N. G.; Medical Inspector (Commandi r) Johs C. Wi-i . 

i s Navy; Major Joseph K. Weaver, Surgeon, X. G. Pennsylvania. 

SPECIAL l :< >\IM I [TEES 

On Official i: tion o/ Badgt Major John \" \ \ Renssei \i:i: 

Hoff, Surgeon, U. S. Army, Vancouver Barracks, Wash.; Captain Ab- 
tiu-u R. Jarrett, Assistanl Surgeon, X. G. S. X. v.; Major Georgi 
Henderson, Surgeon General, District Columbia X. ('.. 

On Credent iuh Captain James E. Pilcher, Vssistant Surgeon, 1 - 
Army. Columbus Barracks, Columbus, Ohio; Major Thom \- J. Si i i n w 
Sui- run. Illinois N G Major i'i: vnk T. Lincoln, Med. [nsp., Georj 

On Sccroloyy Colonel Ci vyton Parkhill, Surgeon General, Colo- 
rado N G., Denver, Col.; Major James h. Etheridge, Surgeon, li 
N G.; Captain William D. Mc. Carthy, Surg \ Q California. 

On Ways and Ucam Major J. Wilks O'Neill, Ex-Surgeon, X. G. 
1110 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Major Danii i m \ 
Surgeon, i S. Vrmy; Surgeon (Lieut.) Thomas C. Craig, 

\ominntiny <n><\ [uditlny Committees (To b appointed al the an- 
nual ■ 

"" lation Major Alberi li Briggs, Surgeon, x. G S N 

ilo N 5 



II. 



Mn. i i \m >' ' ' RAM. 39 

l.i ii \|. COMM1 [TEE I >F ARRANGEMENTS. 
,1,,,, \.\ s. Bi shn] i i . Honorary Chairman, Governor of Ohio. 
Major Hi sm M. W. Moori . Chairman, Surgeon, Ohio N. (i. 
Hon. Rom r i M. Row sd, Freai u 
Captain James E. Pilciier, Secretary, Assistant Surgeon, LJ. S \ 

<;, v l|. A. AXL1NE. PllILIl' LlXDENBERG, ESQ. 

.1. Y. I: \ — i ii. i: q T. Longsi i;i i n. Esq. 

Hon. s. L. Bi vi k. I >R. S'l m;i ing Loa ing. 

Prank P. Boxxi r, Esq. N. Moxsarkat, E 

W. D. Bun mm. Esq. Hox. G. K. N vsii. 

II. i\. G. W Brigii i. Hox. .1. B. Ni n . 

Coi . A. B. CoiT. S. Pextj \m>. Esq. 

In: J. M. DUNHAM. HOX. J. H. Ol'THWAITE. 

Hox. Ton. B. Galloway. Col. J. S. Poland, U. S. \ 

W. E. Hi i lux, Esq. I- - . \V. Pri n i iss, E 

Hox. L. D. H vgi rty. In:. R. II. Ri i o. 

.1. A. Jeffrey, Esq. i '. u w. E. Reppi i: i . 

Hox. James KiLnoi rxe. i |..\ . \. It. Rodgers. 

S. A. Kixxi \i:. I : Q E. It. Sharp, E q 

W. R. Kinxear, Esq. E. K. Stewart, Esq. 

Dk. D. N. Kinsman. Hon. G. H. Stewart. 

Fred. Lazarus, Esq. Hon. Emmei Tompkins. 

Hon. J. .1. 1. 1 \ !/. M C Hon. D. K. Wa rsoN. 

COL. D. S. W 1 1 I < I R. 

(On behalf of the Columbus Academy of Medicin 
I )k, I in kson L. Moore, Pn $id< ut. 
Dr. .1. P. B \i dm in. Dr. C. P. Ci u:k 

Dr. J. r. I! vRNini i . Dr. D. T. Gilli \m. 



iiin behalf of the Association of Military Surgeons of the State of Ohio). 
Surgi i ■ ral J. E. Lom es, President. 
I.. T. Gperin. i !apt. P. W. Guxsafli 

Capl W. A. \\'i - i era mi. 



Committei nn Entertainment Col. James Kilhoi iine, Dr. James 
F. Baldwin, Dr. Starling Loving. Fred. Prentiss, E. R. Sharp. 

Snb-Cnmmittet on Finanei Hon Roreri M. Rownd, F. F. Bonxi r, 
J, \ Jeffrey, James Kilbourxe, W. R. Kixxi vr, E. R. Sharp. 

Snb-Committct on Program Capt. James E. I'm mm:. Dr. R. Har- 
vei Rei d, Capt. W. A. \\'i stervei i 



COLUMBUS 



Forth he sprang ai 




J III', municipality of Columbus is to cities 
what the fabled Wattawamat was to war- 
rii i]"- fi ir it sprang at i me leap fr< im an un- 
pled wilderness to be the capital 
ol ,i sovereign State. Early in the cen- 
tur) the location of the capital of < mio 
was a much debated question. ( >rigin- 
ally in Chillicothe, it was transferred to 
Zanesville, and then again in course of 
time once more to Chillicotln 
neither site was satisfactory and. in the 
uncertainty of its purpose, the General 
\"iinl>]\ received from Lyne Starling, John Kerr, Alexander 
McLaughlin, ami James fohnston, a proposition \<> la\ out upon 
tin' east bank of the Scioto river, practically at the geographical 
center of tin- State, a town in which suitable plat- should be n 
served for State buildings, and to erect upon the central plat a 
State house worth fifty thousand dollars, provided that the cap 
ital shi mid be li icated there f< >r a peril id i if \v it less than f< >rt\ 
The offer was accepted and Columbus sprang into being. 

The VVyandots, who were -till prowling through th 
if !!)•■ surrounding forests in the search for game, were the last 
ni" successive tribes of savages who had battled furiously for the 
fertile valley of the Scioto. When the firsl of these swept down 
the river the) found the vallev peopled b\ the Mound liuil 
whom indeed rhe\ extirpated, but whose handiwork ha- stood the 
storms -a centuries a- a witness t<> their exist None "i the 

curious nil mud- which commemorate their occupation of the 

The initial at the head of this article, for which n c are indebted ;•• th 

ot t In- Cniiiiiii.il- I'll. i i-i ..ii Company, consists •■• a porti 
afiei the original in th Ko.val Art i Madrid. 

41 



42 < >RIGINAL AlM li I i 

country remain within the limit- of the city, although it is 
mated thai there are still more tfian a hundred within the confines 
■ if tin.' county. A ver) large and conspicuous one in early days 
stood upon the principal street of the city, less than a dozen blocks 
fr« mi the capiti »1, w here the ( '< turt I [< >use m «w rises, and fr< »m this 
mound was obtained much of the clay which constituted the bricks 
mi' < >hii i's first State I [i iusc 

But at the beginning of the century, the site of the city was 
an unbroken wilderness overgrown with dense forest timber. A 
few year- before a young Kentucky surveyor, Lucas Sullivant, 
had laid "in upon the west hank of the river a village which lie 
named Franklinton, which became the county-seat ami was even 
o msidered a- a pi >ssible li icatii m fi ir the State capital. Mam years 
after, Columbus overleaped its borders and enveloped this little 
village -" that in time this older settlement became a part of the 
younger. Winn Columbus proper was located, however, the 
'inly person dwelling within the limit- then defined was John 
Brickell, at one time a captive in the hands of the Indians. Brick- 
ell's history was one "i the most stirring tale- of pioneer romance, 
ami in the buckskin garments to which he clung to the ver) 
of hi- life, he was long one of the most picturesque featun - 
early ( !< ilumbus. 

i in the 8th of June, 1812, a da) also rem 1 ere 1 menu irable by 
the declaration of war by tin I Inked States againsl ( in .r Britain — 
the town -ite having been laid out into suitable building l"t-. the 
first -ah- 1 a' landed propert) occurred ami Columbus became a 
civilized settlement. The promoters "i the town promptl) set out 
their contracl with the State, ami. in the southeast 
corner of the public square, the new State House -""ii arose. It 

.1 plain little structure of brick, sevent) five by fift) feet, ami 
only two stories in height, which seems very -mall in comparison 
with the magnificent colonnaded edifice of Italian design in which 
the sessions of the General Assembly are now held. 

In Februar) . [816, d ilumbus wa- inci >rpi irated a- a In >r< (Ugh 
ami began her municipal existence. In tin' same year, the Stan 
buildings having 1m en completed b) the town-site proprietors 

formall) entered into it- new quarters, ami the session of the 
mbl) beginning in thai year wa- the first held in the 
city. The infant borough wa- hnt a village "i seven or eight hun- 
dred inhabitants, Inn ii now entered upon a career of unremitting 



LJMBU 



43 



progress, which has culminated in the beautiful little cit\ of fin dc 
sicclc clays. During it- first four years, it doubled its population, 
which then numbered 1.450. and increased in [830 to 2,437, 111 
[840 to 6,048. while b' ddle of the century it had leaped to 

[7,882: again doubling in 1 871 1 to 31,274, increasing again in 1 881 1 




Till: v l.\ II M < 'I 

tn 51,647, in [890 to SS. 150 and in [895 to 107,105. a growth 
which has continued, until to-da\ a safe estimate places its popu- 
lation at a hundred and twenty thousand. In [834 it was incor- 
porated as a city. N'cither its early nor later growth has been 
phenomenal. There have been no adventitious circui 
which have a mtributed a muslin >< mi character to its devel< »pment, 

The T.t r\ Eiipi 1 



< » k 1 1 , l \ \ I . ARTIC] 

but iu a stead) and substantial way it has pressed forward to an 
ample vindication of the sagacious forethought of Lyne Starling 
and his i cting it- site. 

The Scioto river, which empties im<> the < >hio seventy miles 
from Columbus, was the route by which the city was reached in 
its infancy. Canoes and flatboats were the conveyances which 
bore the pioneer's household goods into the wilderness. During 
the city's first quadrennium, the mails wen- brought either afoot 
or "ii horseback from Chillicothe, but in [816 a regular 
route was established from that place. Flic canal system of the 
State, which has contributed so largely to it- high commercial 
position, was inaugurated b) the opening <>t" work upon the Ohio 
I anal in [825, but it was not until [831 that the branch connect- 
ing Columbus with the main canal was completed. The stage 
>ach, however, remained the principal mean- of communication 
with the outer world. Charles Dickens' vivi'l description of his 
stage-coach journey to and from Columbus in [842 is one of the 
most striking pictures of his American Notes. A decade later. 
the great novelist might have made hi- trip by railway for in [850 
the Columbus and Xenia railwa) ran the first train into the cit) 
and became tin- first radius in the group of road- which converge 
to the capital city in all directions like the spokes of a wheel to it- 
hub. 

Ai the present time no less than eighteen great line- concen- 
trate in Columbus, controlled by the Baltimore and Ohio, the 
"Big Four," the Cleveland, Ucron and Columbu ilumbus, 

I [1 icking \ alle\ and Ti 'led' 1. the ( '< rfumbus, Sandusky and 1 [1 >ck - 
ing, the Norfolk and Western, the < >hio Central and the Pennsyl- 
vania line-. The curious resemblance to the spokes of a wheel 
produced by these radiating road- i- ver) striking. So comp 
hensive i- the network produced by these and intersecting lin< - 
that nearh ever) count) -eat in < >hio is broughl so close to the 
ipital that it ma) readil) be \ isited in a single day, and every State 
in the Union i- brought into proportionatel) close relation-, with 
t '. ilumbus. 

\earl\ all these railways deposil their passengers in the 
1 nion Depot, which i- now being rebuilt, and which, when com 
pleted, one of the best fitted and most convenient 

railwa) -tat ion- in the vvorl 1. < Opening upon High street, the prin- 



C0L1 MBUS. 



45 




cipal business thoroughfare of the city, this station delivers it- pas- 
5< ngers at i mce inti i the midst i if tin- greatest activities i if the ti >\\ n. 
I he cit\ is permeated in all directions by streel car lines. The 
trolley electric system is used and all the tracks are operated by 
two companies, the I • .^ 

lumbus Street Railway 
( !< mipam running yellov 
cars, and the < " ilumbus 
Central Railway Com- 
pany carrying its pati 
in green cars. A - 
Hi transfers exists be- 
tween the varii »us line s 
belonging to the same 
c< impany s< i that a single 

• ,. 11 , i Tbe Trolly Car E :ctra. 

iai e u ill take a persi in t< i 

almost ever) pan of the city. The High street cars run over a 
viaduct in front of the L'nion Depot, and pass the State Hous< 
ami all the principal hotels. The Leonard avenue car- run from 
Columbus Barracks in the easl to the Stair Hospital for the In- 
sane in the west, and the most convenient point of transfer from 
other lines is at the corner of High and Broad streets. Tin 
lumbus Central cars, crossing High street on Spring street, also 
pass ( ' ilumbus I larracks. 

The city is provided with an excellent cab service at very rea- 
s( mable rates i if fare. ( '< mpes may be taken ti i any pan i if the city 
for twent} five cents, and double carriages are available at double 
that charge. The rate of a dollar an hour prevails for the u 
vehicles for longer periods. A transfer company also conveys 
bagggage from hotels or residences to the railway stations for the 
nominal charge i if t\\ ent\ ti\ c cents, including in the service, when 
desired, a railway check to destination. 

Quite unlike the maj< irity i if cities, the designs i if the \> Hinders 
of Columbus, with regard to the direction* growth, have 

been carried out by later generations. Higli street and I '• 

: they purposed to be the two principal thoroughfares, and 
two streets form the crosspieces from which Colum- 
bus take- it- peculiar cruciform contour, and are r ly its 
principal business and residence streets. 1'ntil recently the ques- 
tion of pavements was not much considered in Columbus, but lat- 



Original Articles. 

terly tremendous advances have been made until now there are 
more than a hundred miles of well-paved avenues. Some of the 
best residem are paved with asphalt, there being seven- 

teen miles of such driveways, but the glazed brick is the most 
popular, and there are no less than sixty-six miles of the several 
varieties of brick block pavement. It is greatly to the credit of 
Columbus that it has less than ten miles of "cobble stone." 

High street, which the visitor enters from the Union Depot, 
is the principal shopping quarter and is divided into North and 
South High by Broad street, which intersects it at the State 
House. It crosses over the railway track by a spacious viaduct 
and extends out for miles to and beyond the State University. 
Lined on either side by handsome business establishments and 
constant!) flooded with eager shoppers, a large pan of the cil 
commerce is concentrated upon it. For several blocks soutl 
the State House it is -panned 1>\ a series of electric-light arches, 
which when shining at night till it with a blaze of light almosl as 
brilliant as the- day. East Broad street, with it- driveways sep- 
arated 1>v well sodded divisions, bordered by miles of magnificent 
tree-, and accentuated by hundreds ol elegant residences, is a 
beautiful boulevard, the only drawback in connection with which 
i- that it does nol terminate in a well-cultivated park, although 
one's disappointment at not finding such an adequate termination 
to this magnificent avenue is tempered by it- skirting for a con 
siderable distance Franklin Park, one of the city's best known 
>rts. Broad street, however, is not the onh fine residence 
quarter nor is lli.^h street the onh business thoroughfare, for in 
many part- of the city beautiful homes and luxurious surround- 
ings lend a charm to the vicinity, and the business done upon 
oth runs up high in the millions even year. All this 

must be seen to be appreciated and. meanwhile, it i- sufficient to 
lumbus i- essentially a city of homes a- well a- a cen- 

I he little village planned 1»\ Lvne Starling and hi- co-pai 
pread out until it now covers an area of sixteen square 
miles or i of which mure than two hundred are occu 

pied l>\ municipal parks G lale Park, in the northern pari of 

i] I .incoln < I lale, a militan sitrg< i in 

of exp and repute as well as a citi/en of wealth and 

tinction. Che park covers an fortA acres handsomely 







Wm 






I 



i >RIGIN \I. ArTICI I 

lai<l "in and improved. Dr. G lair, it- generous donor, en- 

tered upon the practice of medicine in [805 in that pan of Colum- 
bus then known as Franklin/ton, hut upon the outbreak of the war 
of [812 entered the arm) as surgeon's mate in Colonel Mc\r- 
thur's regiment of foot, lit- was with 1 lull*- command when it 
surrendered to Brock and was sent to Maiden with the American 
wounded whom he ultimately, upon their release, brought to 
Cleveland. At the conclusion of the war. he returned to Colum- 
bus, and, making his home near the beautiful pleasure ground 
which perpetuates his name, led to it- termination a life full of 
honors and responsibilities and passed away leaving an untar- 
nished niemon and a spotless reputation. 

Franklin Park, already referred to, upon the east side, con- 
tains about seventy-five acres, all of which is under cultivation 
showing iu many places remarkably excellent examples ol land- 
scape gardening. The Citj Park in the south end covers about 
twenty-five acres and is particularly noteworthy for the fun- statue 
of the German poet, Schiller, which is the center about which the 
grounds are laid out. A number of -mailer parks furnish breath- 
ing places m various parts of the city, while the spacious grounds 
connected with the many fine residences with which the city 
abounds, contribute an air of beauty ami -pace to it. The military 
ipon which Columbus Barracks is located occupies 
nearly eight\ acres within the city limits pleasantly laid out in 
drives, lawn- and parade gr nmds, while the green sward about 
the State House affords an attractive resting place in the very 
heart of the city, and the campus of the State I Fniversit) . with its 
three hundred acre- of handsomely arranged grounds and 
dens and it- numerous and finely appointed buildings, adds -till 
more t<> the landscape beauties available to the visitor to > Ohio's 
capital city. 

In addition t" these, the Columbus Driving Park and the 
< mio Mate Fair Grounds afford extensive premises for the enter- 
tainment of the people of the State in general and the city of Co- 
lumbus in particular, ami add some four hundred acres more to 
the park area of the town. The Driving Park presents magnifi- 
cent opportunities for spoil ami. at the various meet- held during 
the most noted monarchs of the turf compete for the 
plaudits "I thr public. The Matt Fair Grounds are attractively 



\li:i 



19 



arranged and conveniently fitted up for exposition purposes, and 
the annual fairs held there are attractions which draw thousands 
nf visitors to the city from all parts of the State. Perhaps the 
most interesting object to be seen here i- the little house in which 
General Grant was born, which has been removed to the fair 
grounds from it- original site a1 Point Pleasant, ' Ihio. 

ro -till further increase the available recreation grounds ol 
the citv, each of the electric railway companies has established a 
picturesque park for the enjoyment of its patrons. Minerva 
Park, the propert\ of the Columbus Central Railway, is situated 
ten miles northeast of the city and contains about a hundred and 
fifty acres, in which some excellenl examples of landscape garden- 
ing may be seen. < Hentangy Park was opened in [896 by the 
Columbus Street Railway and at once became a popular resort 
because of the main natural and artificial attractions which it 












- * . - 



*m 






VII \\ IN < M I STANCE P \RK. 

offers 111 the more than fifty acres which, within its boundaries, 
extend for over a mile along the picturesque ( Hentangy river. 

The park area afforded by these various resorts amounts to 
no less than twelve hundred acres, available for this purpose in 
I "< tlumbus, a figure \\ hich few if any cities 1 if its size ran appr< >ach. 

L'pon a gentle grassy slope, amidst the busy whirl oi the city's 
most absorbing life, thi 5tat« House rears it- massive head. By 
the simplicity of it- grandeur and the severity ol its lines this 
stateh structure compels the admirati< m of all 1 ibservers. I tad the 
drum, \\ hich surmi Hints the center, been replac< d by a harm. »ni< »us 
dome there would have been no blemish upon its beauty . Ground 
was broken for this noble pile in [839 and it was completed in 
[861. fifteen vears of the intervening period having been con- 
sumed in active work upon the building, while from time to time, 
amounting in all to seven vears, labor was entirely intermitted. 



Original Artici 

The cost -it' the State I [ouse was about Si . ; 

of which it is constructed, is a beautiful gray limesl 

fr< 'in the banks i >i' the Scii »t< i river abi »ut three miles fr< mi i J ilum- 

The building is divided by two broad halls, intersecting at 
ntral rotunda, into four rather distinct portions. Upon the 
first floor, the more readily accessible by the northern entrance, 
the northwest portion is occupied by the offices of the Governor, 
the department of agriculture, and the board of State charities. 
The northeast portion is occupied by the Secretary of State, the 
Adjutant General and the board of public works. The south- 
west corner is occupied b) the Auditor of State, the dairy and 

f 1 commission, and the State board of health. The southeast 

corner gives accommodations to the insurance department, the 
Chief Inspector of Workshops and Factories and the bureau of 
building and loan associations. Upon the north of the w< 
High streel entrance is found the school commission, and on the 
south the canal and fund commissions. At the southern side of 
the east entrance the Attorney General may be found and oppo- 
site him the Commissioners of Railways and Telegraphs sil 

The second floor i> occupied chief!) b> the large legislative 
or other chambers, the Senate in the northeast and the State Li- 
brary in the northwest quarter; the House of Representatives in 
the southeast, and the Supreme Courl in the southwest, together 
with the Siaie Law I library. The hall of the I [ouse of Represent- 
atives is fifty-five by eight) two feet and twent) eighl feet high; 
it- lobb) is sixteen by fift) feet and its gallen is six b) tiit\ five 
I he chamber, allowing two square feet to each person, will 
h' »ld 2,375 pers< hi- and ci m tains desks f( 'i" 10S members, arrangi d 
in concentric semi circles aboul the Speakers desk. In the third 
story directl) above the High street entrance are two rooms in 
which are stored the State war flags and other interesting relics. 
I hen- 1- much "t' interest in these rooms and they will rei 

The following figures will give some idea >>i the dimen> 
and capacity <>i the State I fouse: 

\i-'.i. Including terrace .ma steps, a little over 2 acres 
< >ul -i.|.- dimensions, 184 bj ::"i feet. 

1 • feet 1 Inches deep by 122 feet long 
the portico I s !• • 1 >'< Inches in diameter at the base, and 
el high. 




II >l A I \\ II .1 .1 \ x \ 



Original Articles 

Height, to '"p of blocking course, 61 feet. 

Height, to pinnacle of drum, 158 feet. 

Height, from rotunda floor to upper Bkylight, 136 feet. 

I >iameter of rotunda, 64 r< ■ 

The building has been the scene of many stirring events and 
from it men have gone out to till posts of honor of every variety. 
Tu<> Presidents of the United States have occupied it- guberna- 
torial apartments as chief executive of the commonwealth, and 
even sdioolbo) in the State considers a succession to both of 
those honorable offices, an inalienable right which he carries in 
his pocket ready to bring forth whenever it ma) suit his conveni- 
ence. From the halls of this greal edifice, generals have gone out 
i, , ci immand armies in the field, ddpl< imats have si lught the tangled 
web of intrigue in foreign courts, and jurists have been elevated 
to the nation'- highest tribunal. There is hardly an) post of 
In ,n, ir ami |)i >\\ er in the g< ivernment which has n< »t been tilled with 
credit 1>\ a man who has shared in the work carried on in this 
edifice. Mere too, from time to time, the people have gathered 
to pa\ the la-t honors t" the might) dead. In [857, the remains 
of Dr. I'.. E. Kane, the Arctic explorer, la) in state in the Senate 
chamber. In [865, all that was mortal of Abraham Lincoln lay 
m state in the rotunda during the day and night oi April 29th; 
and in 1 SS 1 . th, tusands surged thn m^'h the ci >rrid< irs t< > gaze upi >n 
lame- \ I iarfield a- he la) in the cold white grandeur of death. 

t 'olumbus ha- long been an important educational center for 
the Mate, a distinction n> which it ha- of late years even more 
clearl) demonstrated its right. The city's public school property 
i- valued at ivn >re than two millions of dollars, while it pays out in 
salaries three hundred thousand dollars to the four hundred teach- 
ers of the twent) thousand pupils, who are instructed in the thirty- 
two hand-Mine and imposing structures which it provides for the 
purpose. A carefull) graded system of instruction carries the 
pupil insensibl) from the firsl principles up to the completion of 
preparation for commercial life or to qualification for admission 
t< 1 ad\ anced educatii >nal institute ins. 

While ( olumbus has never claimed to be a "college town." 
well do so, for the number of college -indent- dwel 
within it- borders would certainh justih the claim: 



( ',( Hi \l in s. 



53 



Capital Universit) 141 

Starling M edical t 1 illege 287 

Ohio Medical Cniversit) (all departments) 327 

Ohio State Universit) (all departments) 969 



! tal number of students in Columbus.... 1.7-4 
The ( mio State L T niversit\ was established in 1X711 b\ 
the General Assembly, as the ( >hio Agricultural and Mechanical 
College, under an acl of Congress appropriating to the states 
public lands or scrip for the endowment ol colleges "where the 
leading object should be, without excluding other classical and 
scientific studies, and including military tactics, to teach such 
branches of learning as related to agriculture and the mechanic 
arts, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the 




v \l CM VNIC \l. I . VBi Iv \ I 1 >W> I mil > > I \ II. I 'SIN I RSI I y. 

industrial classes in the general pursuits and professions of life." 
The original endowment of about half a million dollars has been 
supplemented b\ liberal grants and generous appropriations by 
the Stair. In the twenty-two buildings collected upon the uni- 
versity grounds of three hundred and thirh acres, instruction is 
given in six colleges: 1 Hie College of Agriculture and Domes- 
tic Scienci confers tin degrees of B. S. in agriculture, l>. S. in hor- 
ticulture and forestry, and i '.. S. in domestic science. 2. I he Col- 
lege of Arts, Philosophy and Sri en re confers the degre< s of B \ . 
B I'ii and R. S. after the usual collegiate courses and offers 
courses preparatory to law, medicine and journalism. 3. The 



Original \ 

ngineering n civil, mining, mechanical 

ami electrical engineering, in clay-working and ceramics, in in- 
dustrial arts and in architecture. 4. The Colleges of 
Pharmacy an urinary Medicine each give instruction in 

:ts imposed b\ their titles. Instruction in the art of war 
i- a prominent feature of the university work, all male students 
except those in the department <>t' law, being required t<> render 
at least two service preliminary to graduation. 

The institution is coeducational, about fifteen per cent, of th< 
dents being \\ 1 imen. 

Capital University, established in [850 by the Ohio Joint 
Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, comprises three de- 
partments, the Preparaton or Grammar school, the Collegiate 
Department, and the Theological Seminary. It is located '>n the 
eastern end of Main street, where the university building, the 
boarding hall, the church, and the several residences of the pro- 
fessors form an attractive little community by themselves. The 
degree of Bachelor of Arts is conferred in the collegiate depart- 
ment, and the instruction of the theological seminary, given both 
in German and English fully prepares candidates for the ministry 
of the denomination. This latter department antedates the uni- 
versity itself, having been in successful operation independently 
from [830 to [850, when it was absorbed by the more comprehen- 
sive institutii in. 

Columbus has long been an active factor in medical educa- 
tion. It was in 1S4') that a break occurred in the facult) of Wil- 
loughby Medical ( ollege, then located in Willoughby, Lake 
t '( Hint) . < >lh< 1. w hich resulted in the rem< »val 1 >f the sch< n >1 t< > this 
city . and the deliver) 1 if 1 me c< mrse 1 if lectures. I )uring this \ ear. 
however, Lyn< Starling made tin- generous contribution which 
resulted in the establishment of the noble institution which 
in- name and which for fift) years ha- steadfastly upheld 
scientific medicine. And in [850, the first coui 
lectin delivered in the splendid example of gothic archi- 

nd -till used for the purpose. During the first 
a hundred and sixt) -indent- matriculated and thirty-two 
uai During it- long and successful career Starling 

Medical < "ll< granted tin- degree "t" M. I >. to 1,500 grad- 1 

It- facilitii - for clinical instruction are particularly avail- 
; m '\ isii m, b) its fi Hinder, 1 if a In ispital 



;». Origin \i. Ari r< les. 

under the same roof and directly connected with the teaching de 
partment, the \i-itin;.: staff consisting of members of the college 
faculty, while >till other hospitals add largel) to its clinical re- 
sources. It has recognized the importance of military medicine 
and surgery b\ the establishment of a chair of Military Hygiene, 
from which are taught the points in which military differs from 
civil practice, being one of the five institutions in the United 
States in which this branch is so recognized. The instruction 
given in the college, consisting largely of lecture-, laboraton and 
hospital work, covers a four years' course. 

In 1875 the Columbus Medical College was established with 
an able faculty by whom it was conducted with much professional 
success until iS<)_», when it was merged into Starling. During its 
period of activity it graduated about _;t><> students. 

Tin- Ohio Medical Universit) came into existence in [892, 
with the object of affording opportunities for stud} both in med- 
icine and its collateral professions. Departments <>f medicine, 
dentistn and pharmacy have been in successful operation for se\ 
eral years; in [896 a department ol midwifen was organized for 
the training of midwives to comply with the State law governing 
the practice "f such persons, hut this department has been 
abandoned. The methods of teaching in this institution are a 
departure from the traditional lecture system, all instruction ex 

cepl clinical lectures consisting of recitation from text-1 ks, a 

plan which the faculty believes calculated to produce better results 
h\ bringing the student into more direel contact with hi- in- 
structor and. h\ exposing hi- own defects, to give the teacher the 
opportunity ol correcting them. I he classes are on tin- account 
divided into smaller sections for which numerous recitati< mi rooms 
are provided in the handsome buildings especial!) constructed 
for the university, with a beautiful frontage on Goodale Park, 
rhese buildings also contain clinical and anatomical amphithea- 
tres and excellent laboratories. The Protestanl Hospital, a fine 
building for which is now in course of construction adjacent to 
the university, convenient!) provides abundant clinical material for 
the medical school, the facult) of which control- the medical staff. 
Militant surgery occupies a full professorial chair in this institu- 
tion and the courses upon that subjeel are followed with much 
apparent interest 1>\ the students. 






Original A 



riic hospitals connected with the two medical ci i 
Francis with Starling Medical College and the Protestant witli 

ihio Medical University, have been referred to in c 
with the institutions with which the} are associated. St. !■: 
I [ospital is under the care < >i ti > of the Poor of St. Francis 

l>\ whom all i iven to the sick. The Pr itestant Hospital is 

under the control of a board of managers appointed b) tin- vari< ius 
churches of the city, the nursing being d me by trained nurs 
training school for whom is an important feature of the institu- 
ti m. The Sisters of St. Francis also administer another larg< 
hospital in the city, thai Si Vnthon) in the east end, while the 
Mount Carmel in the west end is under the charge of the Sisters 
of the Hoi) Cross. The Children's Hospital, recently con 
structed, is probably the most popular medical charity in the city, 
while the Woman's Hospital is the most recent. The medical 
and surgical staff of these institutions are active and progressiv< 
men, and the most advanced methods are in vogue among them. 

In addition to the local hospitals for the treatment of acute 
affections, Columbus is the site of several important hospitals un- 
der the direction of the Mate. The largest "i these i- the Colum- 
bus State Hospital tMi- the Insane, the foundation walls of which. 
set in a line, would extend a distance of more than a mile and a 
quarter, and in which thirteen hundred cases < if mental dis 
are readily accommodated. Inspired b) modern idea- and im 
pelled b) a progressive spirit, the work of this institution is of a 
high order and the clinical lectures annuall) given 1>\ the super- 
intendent are of great value. Analogous to the State Hospital is 
• 'hi" Institution for Feeble Minded Youth, in which more 
than a thousand idiotic and imbecile children annually receive 

nent. With the assistance of a large staff, the development. 
nigral and physical, of the dormant energi< - of mind and bod) is 

in. resulting in a high grade of training. 
1 me of the most beautiful structures in the city is the Blind 
\-\hnn, a superb stone pile of later Elizabethan style, in which 
two hundred and iitt\ cases of blindness are under educa 

I and medical treatment. The Institution for the Deaf and 
I mmb, the buildings of which are as inartistic as that for the Blind 
i- harmonious, is nevertheless the home of most valuable work 
in the training of the deaf to speak and to comprehend. Accom 
modating about five hundred inmate-, advanced methods of train- 




s 



I 



Original Artk 



ing are employed, and main of it- alumni, engaged in useful self- 
supporting avocations, bear witness t" tin- efficac) of it- work. 

Another extensive State institution i> tin- < Mum Penitentiary, 
the only one in the State, in which all State and mam United 
States prisoners are confined. This prison i- particularly inter- 
esting because of having been the scene >'t Morgan's famous 
escape in [863. I .earning that an air chamber ran under the cells 
occupied l>\ General Morgan and -i\ Confederate officers t"ii- 
fined with him. Captain I line-, one of the- number, dug his way 




I ill 1. vi kwvi 1 . » v- »; *\BI S B \RR UIKS. 

through the floor of the cell and, passing into the air -halt, 
ned the bricks connecting with the cells of his six fellow 
captives. \t a preconcerted hour, all descended into the air 
• ham her. tunneled through it- walls into the prison yard, mounted 
the wall and disappeared, leaving behind them the following let- 

the warden: "Commencement, November 4. 
[863 ' onclusion, Xovember 20, [863 N'umber of hours for 
labor per day, tin 1 Tools, two small knur- /.</ patience sit 
timer, mais son fruit est doux \\\ order of niA six honorable con 

I'll lenn 1 lin< -. ( aptain 1 S. A." 



'■_• 'RIGIXAL 

i ~< ilumbus B; r i if the < 

ilished in [863. 1 lie- most conspicuous buildii 
edifice with a tower from which the colors fly during the day, and 
which was constructed a- a storehouse for ordnance supplies, but 
which has for years been used a- barracks for soldiers. In [875 
tin- Ordnance Department turned the grounds tin Gen- 

eral Recruiting Service ami under the name of Columbus Bar- 
», which it >till retains, it entered upon a nineteen years' career 




Till. T< >\\ I.U IM II. MM,. 



Depot for Recruits. In [894, when modifications of the 
11 of recruiting rendered the maintenance of large depots 
unnecessary, it was constituted a regular militan posl and the 
headquarters and six companies of the Seventeenth Infantn be- 
came the firs! garrison. Al the same time new construction was 
entered upon so thai about a year later accommodations were 
available for a full regiment ami the remainder of the Seventeenth 
Infantn was then added t>> its population. The garrison now 
consists ol the entire Seventeenth Infantrv, four offic» rs and three 






Original Ar 5. 



non-commissioned officers »l the General Staff, a detachm i 
the Hospital Corps, and a fluctuating detachmenl of recruits. 

Upon entering the main gate a the head of Washington 
avenue, upon the left is seen a small artificial iake, and upon the 
right a number of brick houses, red and gray, which a; 
quarters; passing farther into the grounds and taking the r tadwa) 
to the left of the tower building, a row of long buildings appears 
-in the left, the first two being barracks, the second also contain- 
ing the post exchange, while the third is the headquarters' build- 
ing, upon the first floor of which is the mess hall, where the entire 
enlisted force of the regiment sits down to meals three times a 
day. The offices of the Commanding < officer, the Adjutant and 
the Quartermaster art.- upon the second floor. Beyond this is a 




in VDQLl \km I RS .\\t> v \i ss II \i i . 



storehouse for subsistence and quartermaster's supplies. Witlh 
a glance at the stables and storehouses beyond, we now bear t" 
the righl and lind first the guard house, one of the mosl modern 
and besl constructed in the arm) : adjacent to this is the large drill 
hall provided for the maintenance of drills in inclemenl weather; 
following which is a block ol three small sets ol officers' quarters 

The long building which u>>\\ comes into view is the Hos 
pital, a typical example of the regulation arm) hospital, counter 
parts '>i which arc conspicuous nature- of ever) arm) posl 
throughout the country. It consists of a central administration 
building, with tw> lateral wards and. in the rear, a detached ac 

■ ! \ administration building. The wards arc 24 b) 78 feet, and 
1 I feet high, each accommodating -• 1 patients, which gives an 



1 






air space of [,092 cubic feel per man when the wards arc crowded 

to their full capacity, which rareh occurs. Fresh warm air is sup 

plied by the indirect radiation plan of heating, direct radiation als - 

being available in ver\ cold weather. The ventilation is simple, 

consisting, in addition to the ordinan transpiration ol air thro 

windows and doors, of the air introduced from without over the 

steam coils in the heating flues, with exit flues al the top ol the 

Lavatories and sinks arc provided in the administration 

building for each ward, and, adjoining them is a small smoking 

room. The administration building contains, on the first floor, 

office, th< dispensary, the stewards' office and the 

■in. while the two uppi • contain similar!) ar- 




I Ml . VRRACKS III ISPI I \l . 

ranged attendants' rooms and store rooms ol ample size. I he 
accessor) administration building contains the kitchen, and the 
dining room for attendants and convalescents upon the first I 
a small ward and a chemical and bacteriological laboratory upon 
the second, while the heating apparatus for the entire hospital is 
located in the basement. f*o the east of the accessi in administra- 
tion building 1- a detached isolation ward for ten patients \ 
dead h< >use, an ambulance shelter and an attractive a >ttage f( ir the 
Hospital Steward complete the buildings pertaining to the medi- 
cal department. 

The hospital quite appropriatel) fronts upon the foot-ball 
grounds, across which is seen the rear of another row ol ofl 
quarters. Retracing our steps then to tine i>l"fk of small quarters 
previousl) referred to, a turn to the leh leads us to a small build- 



Original Articles. 

in-' containing the soldiers' reading room and the p si printing 
office; continuous with this is the row of officers' quar 
from the hospital, the walk in front of them terminating at the 
officers' club, in which are also contained small suites of apart- 
ments for eight offio ther with a common dining hall. 
Turning to the right and passing this building, the commanding 
officers quarters are discovered standing in solitary dignity and 
facing the eastern side of the reservation. Continuing from thi> 
point one mav take the firsl walk to the right and pass out of the 
post "ii the walk in front of the gray brick officers' quarters 




( )| 1 ICI RS' < .M \kl i RS. 

one may continue and pass out by the walk in front of the red 
brick officers' quarters, both of which are worth) of observation. 
< !olumbus Barracks, owing to the vicissitudes through which 
it has passed, is nol constructed like the typical military post 
around an open parallelogram with the officers' quarters upon 
one side, the barracks opposite, and the other buildings upon the 
ends, and its drill grounds are for that reason compose 1 of small 
detached acre-, which would be more than ample if taken to- 
gether, but which are cramped and inconvenient when taken sep 
arately. fts officers' quarters arc. as has been seen, scattered in 
various parts of the reservation, and it presents the almost unique 
condition of having an entire battalion of four companies quar- 
ts red in one structure the massive tower building inherited from 



( OH \1 I'.l'.-. 



"7 



the ordnance administration. This ven irregularit) in arra 
ment, however, adds t" the beaut\ of the place from the land- 
scape artist's view, since ii affords greater opportunities for the 
arrangement of walk-, drives, trees ami sihrubbery. These up 
portunities have been utilized in laying out a plan, which, while 
simple ami unpretentious, i- striking and effective. I Ik business 
ami social relations existing between the garrison and tin 
agreeable in the extreme. Hie presence of an organization 
which pours a quarter of a million dollars a year into ide of 

Columbus i- a commercial advantage ol no small moment, while 
tlu- reciprocally agreeable social relations prevailing between 
the town ami tin- barracks contribute to < olumbus sociel 
piquancy ami finish delightful in tin- extreme. 

Tlu' ( >hio National Guard i- represented in Columbus by the 
headquarters ami one battalion of the Fourteenth Infantry, the 
headquarters ami one compam oi tin- Ninth battalion (col 
.'i hn'antn ami by the headquarters ami one batten >>\ the First 
Light Artillery, a gatling battery. The Batten Club rooms arc 
ted at i _• ', X' nli High street, near tin- State House, and the 
members extend a most cordial welcome to an\ visiting militan 
men who will accept of their hospitality. The [nfantry Armory 
is i icated upi n Third street, just south of Town street, in a build- 
ing somewhat ecclesiastical in appearance, which indeed was first 
occupied as a church and after passing through various mctemp- 
svehoses, has at last materialized as a home of the defendei 
tin- State. The headquarters of the Xinth battalion arc I 
the ( Central Market building. 

( >hio was one of the three states which contributed the p 
est number of troops to our \ ilunteer army during - the Civil War. 
a circumstance which i- emphasized by the fact that the I nited 
States Pension Office at Columbus ha- a larger roll than any 
other in the countn ■ In a single ) ear no less than a hundred and 
five thousand pensions have been paid by the !' nt, in- 

volving a disbursement of more than fifteen million dollar-. 
The population of Columbus ha- been noteworthy for it 
dustn and thrift. Few cities have a larger proportion of citizens 
dwelling upon their own property. It stands anion- the first three 
in a li-t of cities of the United State- arranged with referen 
the per capita wealth of their inhabitants. I:- assessed vale 
per capita has fluctuated from yeai but it ha- always 



\ 
a. i- no vv it was 

up, mi an ' valuation of on! ne millions, while 

the actual valuation would reach more than a hundred and t\> 

per capita wealth of more than a thout 
dollars. Tin id) growth of the city's wealth i< 

it the bank clearings, which have in 
;ed without a break from twent\ milions in [875 to a hundred 
ami eighty-three milions in [895. It was not until [889 thai 
lumbus \ a of entry, but in the following 

ilued at a hundred and t\vent\ thousand passed the 
nA in 1893, imports valued at nearh double that amount 
entered. 

There are main reasons for the pi 
wealth in the city, not the least of which is it- position at the out 
al and iron mines Hocking and Sunday 

; \ alleys, its direct railwa\ connection with the prodw 
West a, Pennsylvania and Kentucky, b\ mean- of « 

- cheaph and readih not onh the raw materials but the 
mean- working them, and its equalh direct connection by 

means trunk lines, with the great mark< - 

its products can be pla< 
rmous nal .. - wells t\> thirty miles awa\ als 1 

austible amount <a that most desirable of fuels 
The manufactures produced in respons 
- are numerous, varied and valuable, 
the most striking features <>\ Columbus is tin 
number <*i private carriages with which the cit\ abounds, particu- 
lar! \ of the phaeton, bugg) and sunre\ type. While this is due 
ly to the facilities for driving afforded 1>\ its excellei 

doubt but that a most influential factor in producing 

the prominence ^i bu| - g< and w 

manufacturing in the city. Numerous large factories have turned 

- which have rolled over all part- ^i the 

■ me indissolubly y:>>n- 

:he world the vehicle- made, how 

5 of burden 
from the landau >^\ tin n 






< (RIGINAL ArTII II—. 



Moreover the buggy is but one of the mam results o 
lumbus Industry, which find their way out into the world. The 
Board of Trade in [896 reported i.jm factories engaged in more 
than a hundred and fifty different species of manufacture, as then 
existing in the city. Artificial limbs and surgical instruments, fire 
extinguishers and artificial ice, bicycles and farm wagons, hand 
luggage and umbrellas, regalia and military goods, printing 
presses and plows, steel ceiling and Saratoga chips, time registers, 
mining machinery, and scores of other equally varied industries 
give employment in mills, shops, fart' trie- and furnaces to thou- 
sands of working men of every kind. 

Commerce has developed in the city coincidently with manu- 
facture. While retail trade has developed as the population has 
increased and as growth in wealth has enlarged the demand, 
wholesale dealers have found the central position of the city a 
most valuable factor in extending the jobbing trade- throughout 
the c< mntrv. The enterprising c* immercial traveler from ( '< ilumbus 
finds a free field for the exercise of his persuasive talents in the 

boots and shoes, confectionery, clothing, drugs, dr\ g Is, fruits, 

hardware, hats, notions and numerous other articles of commerce 
which center in the city. The enterprise, energy and reliability 
of the retail houses of Columbus i^ also noteworthy. All grades 
oi business may be found from the exclusive dealer in a singl< 
article to the department store in which everything con he pur- 
chased. Liberal and yet conservative, their business manage 
ment i^ conducted with sagacity and attended with success. 

I'lic professional men of the city are full) a- progressive as 
the business nun. The legal fraternity i- numerous and high in 
character. To the medical profession, reference has hern made 
in con in -ciion with the medical colleges and hospitals. Two medi- 
cal societies contribute to professional activity in the city the 
Columbus Academy of Medicine, meeting semi-monthly, and tin 
Central ( ►hio Medical Society, meeting monthly. The clergy are 
active and eflficienl and some of them have achieved a national 
reputation, rhere are over a hundred churches and missions in 
the city, a number of them worshipping in eleganl and costly edi- 

attractive both within and without, and all of them extend a 
mi »st o u'dial receptii in n » \ isiti >r^. 

I pon examination of the vital >tati>tic- of a number of tin 
principal cities of \\ u - L'nited States, it i- found that the annual 



7 - Original Articli 

death rate of Columbus is one of the lowest in the country, a fact 
which speaks loudly both for the healthfulness of its site and for 
the efficiency of it- health department. In [890, the death rate of 
1 Charleston was 33.14, that 1 if Brookl) 11 -'5.50. that of Philadelphia 
2] .62, thai of ( Chicago 20.10, thai 1 if Buffal 1 20.00, that of St. Louis 
19.14, and that of Columbus [4.29, while in 1894, it- death rate was 
onl) 10.114. Columbus has never made an) special claims x<> 
salubrity, nor has il posed as a health resort, but these figures are 
striking, especially when it i- remembered that its medical col- 
and hospitals attract the seriously ill from all parts of the 
State f< ir treatment. 

When Columbus was made capital of the State, it did not 
become at the same time the county seat, although the county 
seat was never elsewhere than within the present limits oi 
lumbus, a paradoxical statemenl which simplifies itself when it is 
known that Franklinton, the little village founded in 17^7 upon 
the west bank of the Scioto and years afterward annexed to Co 
lumbus, was the site oi the ci lunt) 1 iffices fr< >m 1803 t< 1 [824, w hen 
they were removed to the larger town upon the easl 'hank of the 
river. Thirteen years later the present location oi the county 
court house was presented to tin- city by Dr. M. B. Wright, upon 
the condition that the count) offices should he located there and 
up" n these grounds, at the corner of Mound and High streets, the 
count) buildings still stand replacing the ancient mound which 
had stOi id there from prehistoric time-. The present Court House 
1- an imposing edifice of modern construction and well worthy of 
it- location. < Mini- line county buildings afford excellent facili- 
ties for all the business naturall) transacted in them. 

While Columbus i- essentiall) a city of home-, it doe- not 

lack other places in which to show it- hospitality. Mam of the 
• societies and benovelenl organizations possess handsome 
rooms in which the members cordiall) welcome their friend-. 
I he cluei resorl of club men. however, 1- the Columbus Club, 
handsomely located in a noble man-ion on Broad street, where, 
amid eleganl surroundings the me/nbers are afforded every means 
1 'i refined and agre< able entertainm< nt. < >wing ti 1 the large fl< ial 
ing population always attracted to .1 capital, Columbus has been 
able to supporl a high grade of hotd-. The Chittenden, the Ho 
1 «1 Xcil. the Park, the » ktodall, the American. Smith'-, the David 
son, nol to speak of a hosl of -mailer houses, offer a wide - 



1 ►uigixal Art] i.i s. 

of entertainment. Three principal theatres offer to the public 
during the seson an opportunity to witness the best both in the 
drama and in the opera, while a fine auditorium is \>r< ivided by the 

d of Trade for lectures and C( \n extensive audito- 

rium for great conventions has also been recentl) arranged on the 
1). »rder i >f « i< m (dale I 'ark. 

There are three large free circulating libraries in the city: 
The State Library, which is open to citizens of Columbus upon 
the production of proper credentials as to responsibility, and 
which is particularly rich in history, especially history of the State, 
and contains upward of seventy-five thousand volumes conveni- 
ent!) arranged in a beautiful chamber constructed for the pur- 
pose in the State House. The Public School Librar) is als 
all intents and purposes a general circulating library, although 
designed primarily for the use of the teachers and pupils of the 
public schools, and contains more than thirty thousand volumes. 
The Public Library, which is exactlj what its name implies, in- 
cludes something more than twent) five thousand volumes. The 
State Universit) also has an extensive librar) for tl if the 

students, but freel) accessible to others. 

riiere arc some seventy-five periodicals regularl) published 
in the city, including several German publications. Ten of them 
are official publications of the Lutheran denomination, and pub- 
lished b) the Book Concern of that church. There are a large 
number of publications devoted to the interests of particular or- 
ganizations, such as the Regular Arm) and \av\ Union, tin 
Fellows, the Mate University, the Medical University, the Hor- 
ticultural Society, the Masons, the Commercial Travelers, the 
( apital I niversit) and numerous others of similar scope. The 
Xational Guard Gazette is a high class monthl) devoted to the in- 

- ''t the citizen si ddier) . and the Con mbus Mi di< \i Jour- 

- one "i the besl known medical journals in the countr) and 
the • > 1 1 1 \ bi weekl) medical periodical issued easl of the Missis- 
sippi River. The courtes) <>t the management <>i thi> journal to 

Association of Military Surgeons of the United Mate- has 
I) math u well known to the members. The leading daily 
papers an the Ohio State Journal, issued ever) morning, and the 
ibus Dispatch and the Columbus Evening Press, both after- 
noon papers; the two fornn r arc Republican and the latter I ►emo- 



71 



< IRIG1-N \l. An in I I S. 



Much concerning the people oi Columbus has ahead, been 
suggested, for so closel) are its features interwoven with the 
characteristics of it- people that an account of one implies a ref- 
erence to i lie other. The generous streets with their long lines of 
detached dwellings impl) a cit) of homes a homeliki 
And such the pei >ple of Columbus ma) he preeminently -aid to Ik-. 
Still -mall enough to retain some of the most delightful qualities 
of village life, wealth, travel and culture have added to tin- cit) a 
touch of the metropolitan, which contributes a singular charm to 
its society. Boundless in cordiality and unfailing in courtesy, the 
people displa) to an exceptional degree the cultivated taste, 
breadth of view and liberality of judgment which characterizes 
the highesl type of tin de Steele culture. The presence of th< 
<»f the State government ,^'ives its society an official, and the 
neighborhood of a large arm) station contributes a militar) as- 
pect, while the co iperation of main other desirable pers 
drawn hither b) the numerous other advantages of the city, -till 
further add to it- delightful social feature- An. science, religion 
and literature, all dominated b) that indefinable and equally in- 
describable quality, social faculty — have a conspicuous place in 
it- life. But the cit) particularly excels in the homely quality of 
hospitalit) to its guests; cordial in it- welcome, attentive in its 
attitude and generous in it- entertainment, the memory of it< 
courtes) is ever a delightful thoughl to him who has once en- 
i< ived it. James E. Pilcher. 











DR. kt l l'.l N D. "'. 



I D!l< )RIAL ARTICLES. 



THE COLUMBUS MEDICAL JOURNAL AND THE 
ASSOCIATION OF MILITARY SURGEONS 



"Sir, you an 
it riiu.-t appear In ol hi r waj - I h in w 
Therefore, I scanl th 

\l< i i hant 

The medical profession should fiin 
in military men, for <!<> thev i al with ii 



Km roRiAL AlRTICLI 

and sometimes with death? Although the attitude of one is 
causative and the other perhaps curative, the bond of sympathy 
is nevertheless always present. Particularly should Medicine be 
kindl) disposed toward the militar) surgeon to whose work the 
[ healing is so deeply indebted. We are not unmindful of 
poetic worth of which Helmuth has so charmingly sung: 

••All daj amid the ba 
.Mid shot and bursting Bh< lis, 
\ mid I be groans of wound) d 
( ir loud triumphant 5 1 
C( hi ag( ous in bin duty, 
Calm in his sense of right, 
Amid tin- crash of cannou 
\iil thunder of the lisht, 
He gave the wounded comfort, 
To Buffering men bis aid; 
( In many a gash of sabre 
Mi- gentle band was laid; 
His presence cast a balo 
i »'< r ambulance and tent, 
\ ml voice and eyes spoke bl< s 3ings 
Where'( r the surgeon went." 

Bnl we must not forget the man) scientific advances which 
the world owes to military surgeons. To the medical officers of 
the civil war alone, says Jacobi, we owe "the pavili< n system, the 
increase of air space, the isolation of contagious diseases, the im- 
provement of heating and ventilation, and thereb) a vast saving 
of live-.*' All of this, Virchow remarks is due to **thc critical and 
thoroughly scientific spirit, the clear perception, the sound and 
practical common sense, which penetrated gradually even part of 

American militar) administration." 

In the genuine scientific worth 1 >i American military surgen 
then, a- well as to the gallantry upon which the Nation will rely 
in time of trouble, we accord an unreserved and open handed rec- 
ognition, coupled with, to the Association of Militar) Surgeons 
of the I'nited States, so< 11 :■> convene in our cit) a cordial and 
Icome; not the welcome ><\ the Lancashire collier ("Man 
min\ fatl "Who is it?" ranger." " 'Eave 'arf a brick 

at 'un !" 1. hut rather the bn >ad and generous welcome of the Span 
ish host, who bows low to the guests at his <\<»>v and protests, 
ver\ thing 1- \ 1 »urs '" 



Tii i- Routi ro Coi 

Tr|E BEST ROUTE TO COLUMBUS AMD PHILA 
DELPHIA 



Among the most important subjects in connection with anv 
conventi< in i >r gathering, is thai i ii transpi irtatii in. Even' delegate 
is anxious to secure for himself and famih those facilities A'hich 
shall carr) bhem to and from the place of meeting in the most 
comfortable and expeditious manner and if possible via a route 
traversing territor) pleasing to the eye and full of interesl which 
ma) render the journey one of pleasure instead of tedious and 
tiresi ime. 

No convention ran be highly successful in poinl of numbers 
without the cordial aid of the railway companies in granting rates 
which will enable large numbers to attend. The Association of 
Milium Surgeons is indebted to the railways touching Colum- 
bus for the r'iuru-»\ of rates /C\ for its Seventh Annual Meet 



ing, whirh convenes M: 
to the ( 'olumbus, I ti »ck 
Co., win »se i ifficei 
undone which 
ute to assisl 
burden i >f the 
Arrangements 
R.aitr. as the I ' 
miliarly known, is a 

fficers are alwa\ s 
bus, her people and nei 

of tlu- Buckev( 




25th, and particularh 

Valle) & Toledo 
lefl nothing 
would contrib- 
or ligl 
( '( mm 1: ' 
The i '• ■• 
I. V. & T 
BB home institution and 
3^" alert to aid 1 olum- 
gu< - riic passenger 

K« nite is always up to date. 



r fast trains in either direction daily between Toledo am 
lumbus, using Union Depot terminals in botli cities, carry luxu- 

- Parlor Cars b\ da) and Pullman Sleepers b\ night. In 
connection with the Erie Railroad, at Marion Junction, tl 

between Chicago and Columbus i> formed. Pullman 
BufFel Sleeping ear- leave Dearborn Si Railroad) in 

ago. even night the year n und. al rriving al 

lunil morning \\ und the sen 

equall) perfect, leaving Columbus at 8:30 P. M . arriving al Chi- 

35 V \l.. 1 ir leaving 1 '< ilumbus dail) 
rivinj 5 1' M. 






Kim i oui.u. Autk i i s. 



Tin.- latesl and most aggressive step of the C, II. V. & T. 
was the inauguration mi February 21, '97, of tin- Royal Buckeye 
or new fast train between Toledo, Columbus, Washington, 
Baltimore ami the East, via Athens and tin Baltimore & < >hio 
Railroad. None l>nt the finest Pullman Vestibule Sleepers arc 
carried "it the Fiver and the time consumed between the cities 




l'03Bt r 



*— 




named is so much less than via other lines that the new route has 
already become a prime favorite. 

It was for tin- reason, coupled with the friendl) feelinj 
"The Biggest Little Railroad in Ohio" that the committee ar- 
ranged f< tr 

In 1 M 1 1 >ii \ 1 Buckeyi Flyer, 
,1 special train composed entirely of Pullman Sleeping and Din- 
ing Cars to transport those in attendance at the Columbus 1 



III. Rdl'TE l ' ' Col-l'M ['.US. 



8 j 



in-, and other friends who might desire to attend ili> convention 
hi' the American Medical Association which convenes in I'iiila 
delphia, June i. The beautiful hills of the Hocking Valle\ ap- 
pear within an hour's ride from Columbus, to It followed 

randl) picturesque scenen of tin- famous 15. & < >.. passing 
such historic regions a- Harpers Ferry, the Shenandoah Valley. 
Allegheny Mountains and the Nation's Capital, Washington. 
The entire line from i olumbus (See advertisement, page i \.) to 
the Potomac River is a majestic panorama of the grandest views 
■ in the continent, and all endowed with historic interesl \\ 
Washington tourists ma It withoul additional ch 







Delegates to the Columbus meeting from tin miing via 

the B. & ' ( and C, H. V. & I . will have the pleasure of f 
socieh returning to their homes or the Philadelphia meeting 
the Medical Buckeye Flyer. Am ti< ntral 

Railroad of New Jersey. Philadelphia & Reading or Baltitm 
( ihio Railroad, will be pleased to furnish time cards and other in- 
formation relative to the new line t" Columbus and Toledi 
R. &. I K and < '.. I I. \ & I'. R'v. 

Members should remember thai 
trip is only allowed when the pa 
that he takes in going to tin >rdingh in ordei 



82 



II 'I I M \" ' 1 \ I M « >.! I ' 1 '. | 



the pleasures of the Medical Buckeye Flyer en route to Philadel- 
phia or to their homes, the) should not fail to obtain tickets 
tin- Buckeye Route and the Royal Blue Line. 

A special through car for the members of the Association 
direct to Columbus will leave the following places at the dates 
and at the hours specified: New York (foot of Liberty St.i Sun- 
day afternoon, Ma\ 23d, at 5 P. M.; Philadelphia, Sunday even- 
ing, Ma\ 23d, at 7:40 P. M.; Chicago, Monda) evening, May 
24th, 8 P. M. 

The fare from Columbus to Philadelphia and return, regular 
coach, is $18.70. Tickets good for three days before the meeting 
and in Force three days after the meeting. Pullman service $3.50 
additional each way; making a total of $25.70 for the round trip. 

Delegates and others desiring to travel eastward on the 
Medical Buckeye Flyer arc requested to advise Dr. R. Harvej 
Reed, of Columbus, in order that the besl of accommodations 
may be provided for their comfort. 





( (III » M \no» 



Sun ej l'ok Bi 83 

BUTTERIME ITS DISCOVERY. MANUFACTURE AND 
MERIT DESCRIBED. 



1; is stated that there is hardly a f 1 product, that, while 

so extensivel) and universally used, has suffered more un- 
justl) at the hand- of unprincipled competition than artificial but- 
ter, therefore, we think a brief history of it- origin and a consider- 
ation of it- wi >rth will be of mi »re than passing interest, espei ially 
to the medical profession, inasmuch a- butterine is fast displacing 
the old time product, butter, and consequently is being univer- 
sal!) used wherever butter was formerly found, not excepting the 
public institutions of our Mate and nation, including, oi c< 
the National Guard and United Man- Ami}-, the \a\\ and its 
kindred institutii ins. 

The origin of butterine date- back to the French, in [873, 
when a liberal reward was offered to anyone who would disi 
a better substitute for the army. Monsieur Mege was the first 
to discover a suitable substitute, which, of course, at that time, 
was a very crude article compared with the finished article <>i Inn 
terine n> day. In treating of the subject of butterine this gentle- 
man states that hi- finding was purely the most natural result of 
thought and reasoning, in that he commenced hi- search with an 
analysis "i" milk, finding that milk contained a very large per cent. 
of beef tat. and reasoning from this he concluded that beef tat. 
being the primitive state of milk, it should quite as readily yield 
to the operation of producing butter if treated properly. There- 
fore, he selected the ven tat- in a cow that produced the milk. 
treated them in somewhat tin- fashion of to-day, and derived 
therefrom a reasonably palatable article a- a substitute for butter. 
lh'\\ simple, yet hi »w grand, this finding of Monsieur Mege, for it 
was the starting of inventions for the mu process* - ol the finished 
article that was quite in keeping with the rapid strides electricity 
has made in the past few years, and the improvement tlii 
of light i- over that of the old style lamp and candle. The 1 mt- 
terine of to-da) is a simplified process of the old formula, in that 
a great number of vegetable "ils. then used, have been discarded, 
with but one exception, and that i- the oil of cotton seed, which i- 
onl) n-cd by the makers of tin- cheaper grades of butterine, and 
hich there i-. "i -■•me demand, just a- there is t'"r 



84 Edi iori \i. Aim [< les. 

cheap butter With makers of the high grade of butterine, such 
a- the Capita] (in Dairy Company of Columbus, this vegetable 
nil does not inter into the product; not that there is anything 
harmful or objectionable in it. only it i> not an essential <iil for 

r purposes. Like butter, butterine when in solution is an 
oil) substance, which >il under a microscope differs hut slightly, 
ami it also takes a very critical chemical analysis to distinguish 
the two < »i 1 s. s> 1 that unprejudiced and unbiased authorities quote 
them as being identical. 

< >leo "il i- thr chief and main ingredient "i" butterine, and is 
a c< immercial term f< ir beef fat, which, under tin- pr< tcess 1 if cleans- 
ing ami hashing, boiling and pressure, results in a most beautiful 
fat. — the most beautiful known t 1 commercial science. !•• give 
a histon of the manufacture of "lew oil, we think. i> quite essen- 
tial to make the subject < >t' butterine thoroughly undersl 
therefi ire we will enter into it as briefly as possible, yel not neglect 
anj pan of the process. The beef fal is taken from the animal. 
carefulh selected, and put into cars especiall) constructed for the 
purpose, and immediately taken to the washing tanks where they 
are thoroughly immersed, immediately taken out and put into an- 
other cold water bath with sprinkler arrangement overhead, where 
the\ are again more carefull) selected, then put into an ice hath to 
remove the animal heat, which is also a matter of economy n> the 
packer, a-- the hasiher will work with better results <>n a cold piece 
df fat. It 1- then taken n> the hasher and after being hashed into 
cubes of one inch it is put into a cone like kettle and boiled sl< iwly 
at a temperature of about [75 degrees, Fahrenheit. A sprinkling 
• if ^alt is added now and then to help the settling of this oil. earn - 
ing down with it the tissue and fiber, and then there is inserted a 
siphon, carrying the oil into a series of "seed tanks," where it un- 
dergoes, through this chilling, a system of "graining," and al- 

I to stand about 48 hours. Then it is taken into the 
room and put into small sacks or bags made of sail cloth, of \ T o 
in or 1 _• I . >.. and subjected, in small quantities, t<> immense hy- 
draulic pressure The oil oozes through the meshes of this 
and thi> i^ what we term, commercially, oleo oil, and which is the 
main ingredient entering into butterine, and which oil is id< 1 
to butter oil of the natural product. It might also be added in this 
connection that the handling and curing of this oil through il 

treatment must be of the m ml) and scrupulous!) 1 



Si'bsti i or Butter. 85 

method, for am deterioration from cleanliness and proper care 
would result in a loss of flavor and would then destro} it- value 
.1- a butter oil, hence am slighting remarks regarding the curing 
of this oil emanate from either an untruthful or prejudiced per- 
si »n. 

Another beautiful and sweel product, making a combinatii n 
to form butterine is an article commercial]} called neutral, and 
which is the fat of the pork, selected with the same care as tl 
the beef, and which is commonly known as "leaf." This fat un- 
dergoes nearly the same treatment as the beef fat, except that it 
1- not subjected to hydraulic pressure, the sprinkling of salt from 
the kettle being sufficient to neutralize the product carrying with 
it all the tissue and fiber, leaving one oi the sweetest, cleanest and 
most sightly oils known to science. I hese two ingredients, prop 
erly mixed with coloring and salt form what would resemble 
(nearh I the butterine in its first days, but latterly the introduction 
of milk and crram has been found to be of vast importance, merely 
to give this product a flavor and bouquet, so prominent in fresh 
churned butter, and known as "Butyrin," and fr< »m which the term 
"Butterine" lias it- origin, from the fact that just enough milk and 
cream arc used with the butter oils to give tin- product the nose 
and flavor expected in this product. The government -till ad- 
here- t<> the 1 ild term. "< >le< imargarine" for this product, but there 
reall} is no such article made, every manufacturer confining him- 
self t" th( milk and cream, therefore producing the article 
:ommonly known a- "butterine. '' fo the foregoing ingredients 
are added,. ,,i course, -ah and sufficient vegetable coloring mat- 
color till compound, making a complete anil exact resem- 
blance to natural butter and of the same consistency, the same ap- 
pearance, texture and general outline; and we might here quote 
Prof Henry Mott. Analytical Chemist. New York, who savs: 

"Butterine 1- essentially identical with butter made from 
: a perfect, pure and wholesome article of f 1" 

\\ ( might al-o quote Prof. Henry Morton. Stevens fnsti- 

oi rechnicology. New [ersev, who -,. 

• main- nothing whatever that 1- injurious a- an article 
Ot diet, but, on the contra- lltiall} identical with the 

[withstanding the number of complimentary word* 

i-t it uii- 



86 Editorial Aim u les. 

til the public mind became prejudiced; unfortunately For this new 
discover) it fell into Che hands of wily politicians who discovered 
that this was a suitable wedge to enter the farmer ranks, and there- 
in- secure through somewhat vicious class legislation their support 
for their private political advancement. To such an extent did 
they wage this war against this article of food that Congress, in 
t886, passed a ver) restrictive measure, placing all butterine fac- 
tories under federal revenue surveillance, adding thereto a tax of 
two cents on each pound, and a license of $48 per year on the re- 
tailer, $480 on the Wholesaler and $600 on the manufacturer of 
this product; also providing for notices to the consumer advising 
them that the) arc purchasing butterine and not butter. Of 
course, the friends of fehis measure thought this to be a death 
blow to the industry, hut they reckoned without a host, for it 
pn >ved i' • be the very thing t< > bring it pr< iminently bef< »re the pub- 
lic, this regulation compelling the retailer to sell the goods on its 
nicrit>. so that to-day the article stands as prominently in the mar- 
kets of commerce as does natural butter. The national effort to 
suppress this industry having failed butter dealers are imi\ seek- 
ing, through the several State legislatures, to throw- around this 
industry such objectionable laws as to hamper its sale, and even 
that i^ fruitless, for public clamor has somewhat dampened the 
ardor of these political aspirants. 

The public has been cordially invited to visit the different but- 
terine factories in the United States, showing that there are no 
secret- in the manufacture of butterine. and the) have nol failed 
to notice the scrupulous cleanliness and exactitude required in the 
pn iductii hi 1 if this article. 

The Capital City Dairy Compan) of Columbus extend the 
profession a sincere and cordial invitation to visit their mam- 
moth pl;mt during the convention in this city, l;,i with them 
through their large and handsome building, and witness the pro- 
of churning their high grade of butterine, observe the quan- 
tity the) produce daily, see how the different ingredients are 
treated and see with what care and exactitude the) handle every 
ounce of the product, how skillfull) and dexteroush the different 
shapes of rolls are made and how beautifull) the\ decorate and 
print this product; \isit their mammoth ice boxes where the but- 
terine is chilled, preparatory to wrapping, even pound in a new 



Speci \i. Tk vin fi »s Stai e Si k iety. 

clean piece of parchment paper or the finest butter cloth, and then 
packed into new wooden containers, this being an exactment of 
the federal laws, forbidding the use of a package containing but- 
terine the second time; hence every pound of butterine is put into 
a nev» . clean w< « »den package. 

The factor) at [85 [97 East Third avenue, will be at the dis 
posal of the Association of Military Surgeons during the da) 
members are in the city, and the Capital Cit) Dair) Compan) 
sincereh hopes thai the members will favor them with their pres- 
ence during one of the days of the meeting. The general man 
ager, Mr. Henr) C. Pirrung, in case an) information regarding 
butterine or it- ingredients 1- desired, places himself at the dis 
posal of the profession in reply to any communication the) ma) 
make, and will cheerfully furnish an) desired knowledg< oi this 
product it anything relating or pertaining to it. 



COLUMBUS SPECIAL TO THE OHIO STATE 
MEDICAL SOCIETY. 



Special arrangements have been made with the Cleveland, 
Akron & Columbus Railroad Compan) as will be observed in our 
advertising department, page [3, b) which it is intended to render 
special accommodations to those who desire to attend the Cleve- 
land meeting from Columbus and other point- along the line. 
Special cars will be reserved for physicians and their families only, 
thus enabling them to make the trip in.ua- enjoyable, and give an 
opportunity to renew old acquaintances and make new ones A.1 
Mt. \ ernon the train will be joined by the President of th< 
ciety. It is to be hoped that Columbus and vicinity will return 
the complimenl paid us by Cleveland last year and -end to the 
Foresl < itv a large delegation, which will not only benefit the 
Societv, but sho\N to our brethren there that we appreciate their 
interesi sufficientl) t" be there in force and enjoy the literal 
wall a- the -< icial feasl \\ hicli the < ■ >mmittee 1 <i Arrangemenl 
prepared f< >r us. 

I • even practitioner la\ aside the cares of routine pr; 
and. join with us in making tin- I 1 Annual M 

■■ Medical Societ; 



88 Editorial Artm les. 

The Columbus Special leaves the Union Depol at 6 A. M. 
Wednesday, Ma) 19th, for the Ohio State Medical Society at 
Cleveland. Members should purchase a full fare ticket and be 
sure i" have the ticket agent to give them a certificate of tin- pur- 
chase over the C, A. & C. R. I\.. which certificate must be pre- 
sented at 1 lleveland in 1 >rder t< 1 get a return ticket at 1 me-third the 
regular fare. 

The reduced fare to Cleveland over the Columbus Special 
for the round trip from Columbus is only $5.25 on the regular 
coach, or $5.75 for the chair car. 

Those who desire to join the Columbus Spe< i \i. will please 
notify Dr. R. Eiarvej Reed, 68 Buttles avenue, or Mr. C. E. Win- 
ter-ringer, 83 North High street, Columbus, < >hio, in writing, des- 
ignating in their notice whether they desire to go in the regular 
car or the chair coach, in order that space ma) be reserved and 
over-crowding avoided; it being the desire of the management 
of the C, A. & C. K'v Co. to have ample room for everyone and 
make the trip pleasant t< 1 all. 



THE MANUFACTURE OF MILITARY GOODS UN 
COLUMBUS. 



"\ our plant is so much more extensive than I < xpected, that 
1 am surprised," is frequentl) the expression of those who visit 
tlu- militan manufacturing establishment of The M. C. Lilley 
& I 0. the first time. "How is it." said one of these, "that you 
located in Columbus with so extensive a business of this kind"? 
< me of the management, answering this, -aid. that they did not 
locate lure, the; were horn and raised lure, and the business 111- 
1 reased so rapidl) that they had no time to consider the propriety 
of moving elsewhere. The business began in a verj modest way, 
in [865, and steadil) increased and prospered, until to-da) a 

larger business in their line of g Is is done 1>\ The M. C. Lille} 

>\ 1 o. than b) an) other three similar concerns combined, llow 
was this result accomplished? As in all cases where there 1- a 
decided success, there are a number of factors that jointh pro- 
duced the result; but there are two of these factors that have most 
K contributed to this success. The first of these is the loca- 

L .■..- 




~ IF 



'i< > Editorial Articles 

tion in a small city. This made it impracticable for them to pur- 
chase, conveniently, many of the articles for which they receiv< 
orders, that can be purchased, readily, in a large city like New 
York "i- Chicago, and compelled them, a> their business devel- 
oped, to gradualh organize all these branches of manufacture, 
until they now have fourteen separate and distinct shops, each 
making its own line of goods. Thus most ol the many thousand 
different articles -^ - » 1 « I by them are made under their immediate 
supervision, and they ran usuall) have them made, as their ex- 
perienced judgment decides they should be made, to prove satis- 
factory to the customer. The great advantage of these varied 
facilities can be appreciated by those who have tried to have ar- 
ticles made by manufacturers who do not make a specialty of 
making such articles. 

I he second prime factor of the success of this establishment 
is that those who organized and most of win mi -till manage it. 
air rather old fashioned men. carrying oul the old-time business 
idea that to give satisfaction to your customer, both in style and 
durabilit) <<\ goods made, is of first importance. And b) con 
tinuing to buy from them, year after year, main thousand cus 
tomers bear testimony that 'The M. C. Lille) & Co. are su< 
fnl in giving them satisfaction with the militar) and society goods 
the) manufacture. 

I he plant i- divided int. > three general divisii ins, each < iccupj 
in- a separate building. The main building, in which ten of the 
shops, the salesrooms, stockrooms and office are located, is a 
building [13 b) 130 feci, outside measurement, live stories and 
basement. This building i- in the f< irm of a hollow square, ab< >ve 
the first floor, having a fire-proof town- in the center. In tin 
towci- are located the stairways, elevator and toilet rooms. The 

towei- ha- an .men space "i 15, lee! or more, all around it. and i- 
connected with the building l>\ three wide covered bridges on 
each tli 11 >r, -1 1 that in case 1 >l tire in ail) r< >< mi. tin- sm< 'he fr< Mil the 
fire will nol get into the tower stairs and prevent the escape of tin 
employes. An additional wide stairwa) i- placed in the rear of 
the building, between tire wall- running through tin- roof, and 
connecting with th. rooms on all the floors b) ver) wide tire 
prool sliding doors Hiese tire pro,. f sliding doors are used m 
even doorwa) in the building, made to close automaticall) 
should fire come mar them. That the mean- of egress provided 



o2 Editorial Articles. 

for the employes are admirable vvas demonstrated some time since, 
when aboul 700 employes had all left the building in aboui five 
minutes after the bell sounded. The Inspector of Workshops oi 
< >lm> published illustrations and descriptions of this plant in his 
annual report after his first inspection of the buildings, under the 
heading "a mi Kiel fact >r\ ." 

( >n the first floor, front, 1- the spacious office, 109 by 27 feet 
inside. There are at present 39 desks ami 43 employes in die 
office. The balance of tin- floor is used one win- for store ami 
salesroom, ami the other for packing and shipping room. Hie 
basement is used for storing goods on tables, on shelves ami in 
cas< s, some finished ami some partiall) made, but mainly what to 
rhis establishment i- raw material. ( m the second floor is the 
flag shop, where bunting flags are made b) the thousand, 1>\ spe- 
cial machines. Silk flags and banners, shoulder knots and other 
trimmings and equipments requiring skilled needle work arc made 
here, as also a large variety of secret society regalia of all kinds. 
In another very large room there are a large number of girls and 
sewing machines making fancj robes ami costumes for secret so 
ciety ami exhibition use. Ami all this work i- made to order 
• ml) . < >n this ill h ir alsi 1 i- the 1 tffice 1 >i the fact ir\ superintendent 
ami a large room for exhibiting samples "i* goods that require 
considerable room to display. < m the third floor front, a room 
109 b) _'<> feet, is the embroider) room. Society business is <lull 
now, so there is little but military and other uniform work that 
requires embroidery, yet there are about sevent) embroider 
at work in this room, deftly plying their needles shaping <>ut of 
tin) pieces of gold or silver the beautiful eagle on a rap. the diffi- 
cult border of .1 shoulder -trap, or the letters, figures and arms on 
the collar of a blouse. Beautiful w< irk, requiring long practice and 
no little skill, to do it as perfect!) as it is done here. Adjoining 
this is the cap shop, where the most difficult of all caps, the arm) 
officers' fatigue, 1- made. The most skillful hand- are employed 
■ >ii that class of work, while the great majority make cap- for 
bands, societies, colleges, firemen, police, militia and innumerable 
other purposes. ' Mi this floor, also, 1- the leather -hup. making 
belts, equipments, leggings, sword cases, sandals and other so- 

. requirement 5. 
The fourth floor i- all tailor shop cutters in one room, then 
coat makers, which arc largel) nun. who make all arm) offi 
coats and blouses, then a larger room where college and p 



"4 



Eon orial Articles. 



and similar uniforms are made. Trowsers are made in another 
room on this floor, where also is kept the cloth after it comes from 
the sponging machine. ( m the fifth Hour, there is the hat shop, 
where helmets and chapeaux and kindred work is made. Ad- 
joining tlii— a large room is used for making trunk- and valises. 
The artists who paint banners, scener) and sundry other orna- 
mental work have their rooms on this floor, where also is a room 
full of catalogues, price lists and circulars, from which a half 
dozen rapid workers arc kept busy sending out advertising mat 
ter. 

The second building is the sword factory. This is 83 feel 
l.\ 29 feet, four stories and basemenr;. The sword factory, where 
is made ever) part of the sword, both military and society, except 
the blade, is divided into three sections. The sword blades used 
in this country now all come from Germany. The second section 
is the metal shop where all kinds of metal ornaments, belt mount- 
ings, society emblems, metal helmets and badges are made. The 
rap ornaments for the enlisted man of the Army, as now used, 
were originated and made in this shop, and quite a number of 
dealers in military goods sell the product of it- -killed artisans. 
The third -hop i- the foundry. I [ere castings 1 >f bronze and alum- 
inum are made so nicely that they look like carved work, and 
these fine castings add not a little to the beaut) 01 the metal work 
produced in this factory, where 80 to too men are usuall) cm- 
pk i\ ed. 

The third building is the furniture factory, a building 83 b) 
.}^ feet, four stories and basement, adjoining which is the power 
building, ao b) 34 feet. The furniture factor) makes onh furni- 
ture for lodge room- and specialties used 1>\ societies. 

The thought mo-t likel) to occur to one after seeing all the 
different shops of this plant so varied in their product, and yet 
appearing all necessary to make the establishment complete, is 
not "what all do they make." but the thought is more likely to be, 
"what don't they make!" 



Tongaline 
Liquid. 



Tonqaline 

Tablets 

6 grs. 



yi pyn fy] tyi r in r^ 



mmnsmMmmmisimm 



Tongaline 



Tongaline 

and Lithia 

Tablets. 

Tongaline 

and Quinine 

Tablets. 



ssj is the most effective combination ever devised for the speedy and thorough 
Q cure of Rheumatism and Neuralgia; of La Grippe; Nervous Headache; 
H Gout; Sciatica and Lumbago. 



It exercises a positive and rapid anodyne effect. 

It possesses a peculiar affinity for poisonous and viscid secretins which i' neu- 
tralizes and eliminates promptly and thoroughly through the na mnels. 

It do< s not d< pend entirely on the action ol salicylic acid, bin possesses ais.> the 
anti spasmotic at tion ol i irrj i ifuge, the anti-rhei maticand purgative ai tionol i ol- 
chicum and the diaphoretic action of pilocarpine. 

It conquers pyretic conditions without enfeebling the system, or by danger- 
ously weakening the ln-art. 

Continued use of Tongaline does not impair its effectiveness. The system does 
not become used to it, as is the case with opiates and other narcotics. 



El 
E3 
Fi 



During 1 the past fifteen years Tongaline 
has been most extensively and success- 
fully used by the medical profession 
throughout the United States and Canada, 
as proof of which we hold in our posses- 
sion thousands of unsolicited testimonials 
to that effe -t, riven as the result of long 
and careful clinical experience. 



physicians 

'Jvo :in ' requested to send for brief treatise upon 
{ Tongaline ning clinical 

) reports of eminent members of the profession 
1 who bave thoroughly tested its merits. 
Write for treatise to-day. 

Mellier Drug Company 

St. Louis 



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OTTO L. HOFFMAN, 

Physicians' Supply h|ouse. 



S. E. Cor. 4th and Town Sts.. COLUMBUS, O. 

A full line of DRUGS. PHARMACEUTICALS. PILLS AND TABLETS. 
Agent for FRASER TABLET TRITURATES 



A full line of hard and Soft Rubber Goods, hjand 
and Buggy Cases. Surgical Instruments and 
Surgical Appliances. Trusses. Crutches and 
Abdominal Belts. &c. &c. 




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A HIGH REPUTATION SUSTAINED 



77k Mtdlcnl Time* and IlotpUnl OazeUe. London, May 30tb, i896, speaks so favorably of its experi- 
ence with the American analgesic, antipyretic and anodyne, a preparation the medical profession has 
Mtomed 10 regard as one of the certainties of medicine, that we (rive below its words of 
approval, knowing them to be in accord with the cone enans pl opinion as expressed by the medical men 
In thia country. Antikarania— under the above namu, iifreo translation of which is 'opposed to pain' — 
now Leitnf int'nslueed to the profession in thel'nited Kingdom, is an analgesic, antipyretic and anodyne 
drag, which baa already gained ■ high reputation in the United Btetes. It is a coal-tar derivative, and 
IsMongs to the serien which form the various amido compounds. It differs therapeutically, however, from 



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mi-tar prodacta in producing a stimulating, instead ol a depressing action on the nerve centers, 
especially those acting on the heart and circulatory system ; hence, it may be administered, even in VHIIII 
large doses, without fear of producing collapse and cyanosis, as occasionally occurs after the ^ i i i 
administratis of antipynn and other similar analgesic compounds. It has been very largely ▼ ▼ ▼▼ 
used in influenza, hay fever and asthma, with good results; but ita most markedly beneficial f* MMM 
eflects no- ex |- -neneed " hen administered in neuralgia, rheumatism, sciatica, headache _)_■«•■••* 
WW • "" '' I '■"" ''"'■ ' ' disorders of menstruation. As an antipyretic, it is recommended to be ▼ ▼ ▼▼• 
J ^ ^_ given In doses of from five to ten grains, repeated as indicated, until the temperatars. WWW 

▼ WW™ ins been r. In ed, To relieve pain it is recommended to w Bin with a five grain ^ J 
WWW *# dose; nil ten minutes later the same dose to be repeated, and if the pain ▼ ▼▼▼▼▼ 
mmmmmmM continues, a third dose to be given a few minutes after the second. If W W W 

▼ ▼▼▼▼▼▼ In the treatment of neuralgia and headaches we have had satisfactory ^ J 
WWW • results from giving five-grain doses at intervals of twenty minutes, • WWW 

M M H M M M M until three or four doses have been taken. We may add that the WW WW 

▼ ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ drag is sold in tablets (each tablet being monograniel I as veil _^2 ■ aa 
••••••• • "" '" ""' [-'"d.re.l form. The former may be Swallowed ▼ ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ 

MMMMMH whole, hut preferably crashed and diwolved in glycerine and %>•••••••• 

••••▼▼▼▼▼ water, or In an alcoholic natranm. Tho ponder is con- _^2 

WWWW • vwniently given in or dissolved in little wine • ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ 

immmm a* ,r elixir, combined with glycerine or ayrap. aj MfJ W WW W 

••••▼▼▼▼▼ ▼ Tlie drug is deserving ol trial, and those among our ▼ w 

• ••WWW • readers who have tested should write • ••••••••• 

• •••WWW • ••••••••••• 

• ••••¥¥••• ¥ 8 ' DJT ,r " f ""^ \,lr?„"" n ~ chur " mna * •••••••••• 

55555555555 "• THE ANTIKAMNIA CHEMICAL CO. ♦/ 555555 55555 

• •••••••¥••• • M - LouU> Mo - V v A » •••••••••••• 

• ••••••¥•••¥• • * •••••••¥••••¥ 

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Ojujninc 

-no SALOL 




The Harvard Physicians and Surgeons 1 Chair* 




Th>' above cut represents our 
il I ii -.1 in men i Cabi net. 
rue mosl neat a mi mm iq ue artii Ic 
■ ■I tue kind now >>m t lie market. 
Each shelf swing's out indepen- 
dent "i the others, exposing 
usi in meat to ea 53 1 ea< G 
.mil inspect ion, and givi ml' I no 
cabinet more than four times 
the capacity oi the common 
ti\e<l shell e^. Send tor Puce List. 



The Harvard Chair is capable of 
backward and lateral motion and 
rotation ; can be easily raised or 
lowered, and rigidly set in any 
position. It perfectly balances with 
or without a patient upon it, and is 
noiseless in its operations. It is 
capable of every position desirable to 
the surgeon, gynecologist, or oculist. 
It is the least complicated, the strongest, 
the easiest operated, most useful and 
ornamental surgical chair made, and, 
with all its advantages, in price most 
reasonable. .< J* Jk <.< ■< < 

We call especial attention to our 
improved tilting seat for Dorsal posi- 
tion, this having the advantage over 
any other structure in bringing the 
patient more nearly to the front and 
at the same time, to an elevated posi- 
tion without jar or shock ; the lower 
part of the chair balancing the upper 
part, with the patient in position. 
Send for descriptive catalogue. 

Address 
THE HARVARD COMPANY. Canton. 0. 

We Received Four Specific 
Awards, Columbian Exposi- 
tion. ^ .•* „•* <.< 



- •--' 






Ni 1 Mi.ii Position. 




K \. New 1 




1op over privilqcs 



<tm\. on •" skuas 



via 



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pAt-pprtn, 



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mm Route 

m Blue Line 



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\l»re;ist with the Mo9t Recent Advancements in the Special 
Departments of Modern Surgery, 

SEABURY & JOHNSON, 

nanufacture the Standard Antiseptic and Surgical Dressing 1 , pre- 
pared under the most rigid system of antisepsis and asepsis. 

Gauzes, plain and in all medications packed in air-tight con- 
ainers, and so folded under patent rights; as to enable the 
.urgeon to cut off part of their length without removing the 
vhole contents. 

Belladona and Blister Plasters, Mead's Rubber Adhesive, the 
Original Rubber Adhesive Plaster, always satisfactory, antiseptic, 
ion-irritating, perfectly pliable, positively requires no heat in 
ipplying. 

Surgical Ligatures, Bandages ol all varieties, including 
'Elastic" woven bandages, antiseptic tablets, soaps, etc. 

Manufacturers of the First Aid Racket — Regulation packet U. 
S. A.) 

Felt Splints, adaptable porous, superior to all others and 
ecommended for lightness, cleanliness and comfort. 



rhe BEST of Everything is none too good for 

Surgeons' Use* 

Vo get such goods, specify SEABURY'S and refuse others. 

Scabury S» Johnson, 

Seabury Building. 59-61 Maiden Lane. New York City. 



Tin: Berlin Printing C< mpan^ 



'.in i. 



81-83-85 N< »K'I N I 1 1 1 KM > S I KM ! I . 



:< (LL'/nBI S. ' »lll< >. 






Makers 

of 

Fine 

Half 

Tone 

Plates. 

Facilities 

and 

Capacity 

Unexcelled. 

Quality 

Unsurpassec 







Engraved 

Calling 

Cards. 

Wedding 

Invitaticns. 

MeQus. 

Letter 

Meads. 

a Specialty. 

Telephone 
227 



P*~ C9 



Printers, Publishers, Binders, 



Mm 



This Book is a Reprint from No. 9. Vol. XVIII. 

of the 

Columbus Medical Journal. 



A Bl-Weeklv Journal Devoted to the Advancement of the 
Medical and Surgical Sciences. 



EDITORIAL STAFF. 

R. HARYKY REED, M. I'.. EDITOR MUD Managi II 

68 I '. 1 1 1 1 1 <- - A v enue. 

J. E. BROWN, A. M.. M. I».. i'.i-Ki.itok, 
235 Last Town Street. 

ASSOCIATE EDITORS. 

J. M. DUNHAM. A M.. M. D., I». X. KINSMAN. A. M., M. D., 

222 East Town street. The Normandie. 

W. J. MEANS, A. M.. M. 1).. J. V. BALDWIN, A. M., M. I».. 

715 North High Street. 112 North Fourth Street. 

J. ( T . BA K'NH I 1. 1.. A. M.. M. D.. 
J4t, EaSl St.iK- Street. 

COLLABORATORS. 

FAMES E. PILCHER, A.M., Ph.D., M.D., EDWIN PRAZER WILSON, A. M.,M.D., 
U. s. Barrai ks. 303 Easl st.nr Street 

I Has. || MERZ, A. M.. M. I>.. J. H. CALVIN, M. I>.. 

Sandusky, Ohio. Salem, Ohii . 

E. J. WILSON, M. !>., DICKSON I. MOORE, A. M . M. I» . 

Third and Broad stre.-i^. 1-11 East State street. 

WEBB J. KELLY, M. i>.. S. I.. Mel ORDY, a. M., m. D., 

Gallon, <>hio. SIS Penn. Ave, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

GEO. M. WATERS, A. M.. M. I'. II. C. PRAKER, M. I>.. 

1372 North High Street. llis East Main Street. 

EARL M. GILLIAM, M !>., P. B. McNEAL, M. I'. 

SO North Fourth Street. State Capitol. 

CLARK BELL, Esq., HERVEY W WHITAKER, m i>. 

57 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ~2 South Graut Avenue. 



PUBLISHED EVERY OTHER TUESDAY 

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